Cerebrospinal fluid levels of the neurotrophic factor neuroleukin are increased in early Alzheimer’s disease, but not in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Table 2 Characteristics of Nijmegen aMCI/AD patients and controls

	aMCI (n = 19)	AD (n = 40)	Controls (n = 32)	p-value
Age (years)	72 [70–78]	74 [65–77]	61 [56–67]	p < 0.0001^a
Sex, M/F (n)	7/12	11/29	15/17	p = 0.24^b
MMSE score	26 [23–27]	20 [17–24]	N.A.	p < 0.0001^a
APOE genotype	ε4+: n = 10 ε4−: n = 3 N.A.: n = 6	ε4+: n = 0 ε4−: n = 8 N.A.: n = 2	N.A.	p = 0.58^b
TP (mg/ml)	0.87 [0.79–0.93]	0.85 [0.76–0.96]	0.91 [0.79–.02]	p = 0.51^a
T-tau (pg/ml)	504 [419–691]	627 [321–956]	267 [179–386]	p < 0.0001^a
P-tau (pg/ml)	91.0 [71.0–114.0]	97.5 [79–129]	47.5 [32.3–56.8]	p < 0.0001^a
Aβ42 (pg/ml)	459 [404-516]	468 [389–564]	864 [664–1142]	p < 0.0001^a
NLK (ng/ml)	4.66 ± 1.40	4.84 ± 1.58	3.07 ± 1.2	p < 0.0001^d
GCA score	n = 7; 2 [2–2]	n = 28; 1.5 [1–2]	n = 4; 0.5 [0–1]	p = 0.006^c
Mean MTA	n = 5; 1.5 [1–2.25]	n = 28; 1 [1–2]	n = 2; 0 [0–0]	p = 0.125^c

Medians and [IQR] are reported for all characteristics and markers, except for NLK (mean ± SD) and sex (n). T-tau, P-tau, Aβ42, and NLK were measured in CSF
Abbreviations: AD Alzheimer’s disease, Aβ42 amyloid beta-42, APOE Apolipoprotein E, aMCI amnestic mild cognitive impairment, F female, GCA global cortical atrophy, IQR interquartile range, M male, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MTA medial temporal lobe atrophy, N.A. not available, NLK neuroleukin, P-tau phosphorylated tau, SD standard deviation, TP total protein, T-tau total tau
^aKruskal-Wallis test
^bChi-square test
^cFisher’s exact test
^dANOVA

ISSN: 1758-9193