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Fig. 4 | Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Fig. 4

From: High-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis promotes neurodegeneration in the triple transgenic (3 × Tg) mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease associated with chronic platelet activation

Fig. 4

Increased CAA burden, formation of platelet-associated fibrillar Aβ aggregates, and oxidative stress in the cerebral vessels of HFD-treated 3 × Tg mice. a, b Quantification of parenchymal amyloid numbers (a) and CAA amyloid numbers (b) using Congo red stainings. c Representative images of Congo red staining-positive micro-clots in different sized cerebrovascular vessels of HFD-treated 3 × Tg mice at 9 months and older. Scale bar, 50 μm. d Representative immunofluorescence images of the colocalization of platelet thrombi and vascular Aβ plaques in the cerebral vessels of HFD-treated 3 × Tg mice. Overlay of Aβ immunofluorescence (green) and GPIbα (red) is shown in yellow (merge). Scale bar, 20 μm. eg The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e), glutathione (GSH) (f), and endostatin (ET) (g) in mouse brain tissues were determined by sandwich ELISA. Each dot or square represents one individual. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, unpaired Student t test, two-tailed (a, b) or one-way ANOVA (eg). ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; n.s., not significant

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