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Fig. 2 | Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Neuroprotection in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease is promoted by transthyretin angiogenic properties

Fig. 2

TTR angiogenic activity. A Representative images of tube formation by hCMEC/D3 cells. Cells were plated on Matrigel in the absence (negative control, Ctrl-) or presence (positive control, Ctrl+) of bFGF (35 ng/mL) or with TTR at different concentrations (10 nM–1 μM). Scale bar = 200 μm. A’ The quantification plot shows that TTR concentrations equal or above 250 nM result in a significantly higher area covered by the capillary-like structures, than in the negative control. B Representative images of the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. B’ Quantification plot of the number of new vessels (< 20 um) growing towards the inoculation site, delimited by the ring mark, induced by PBS (Ctrl-, n = 18), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, 50 ng/μL) (Ctrl+, n = 14), human recombinant TTR (rec TTR, 1 μM, n = 19) or TTR isolated from human plasma (hTTR, 1 μM, n = 9). TTR, both rec TTR and hTTR, had a significantly higher angiogenic response than the negative control. Scale bar = 1 mm. C In vivo vascular permeability was measured in CAM model by quantification of leaked EBD. The permeability of the new vessels induced by TTR (n = 20) was similar to the negative control (PBS, n = 18), in contrast to the significantly higher permeability of vessels induced by VEGF (n = 18). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001

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