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Table. 4 Associations Perivascular Spaces in Basal Ganglia and Centrum Semiovale and CSF biomarkers (logistic and multinomial regressions). Models were adjusted by potential demographic and cardiovascular risk factors, as well as, levels of Aβ40. Models were stratified by Aβ42/40 positive status. Legend: n, sample size; SD, standard deviation; ePVS, enlarged Perivascular Spaces; BG, Basal Ganglia; CS, Centrum Semiovale; NTK, NeuroToolKit; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.

From: Perivascular spaces are associated with tau pathophysiology and synaptic dysfunction in early Alzheimer’s continuum

  All Individuals Aβ42/40 positivity (N=122) Aβ42/40 negativity (N=200)
Outcome Biomarker OR IC Biomarker OR IC Biomarker OR IC
BG (degree 2+3 vs degree 1) Aβ42/40 0.059 [0.025, 0.626] Aβ42/40    Aβ42/40   
BG (degree 2+3 vs degree 1) p-Tau (pg/mL) 0.980 [0.925,1.055] p-Tau (pg/mL) 1.022 [0.937,1.161] p-Tau (pg/mL) 0.887 [0.74,1.061]
BG (degree 2+3 vs degree 1) t-Tau (pg/mL) 0.999 [0.991,1.008] t-Tau (pg/mL) 1.004 [0.992,1.022] t-Tau (pg/mL) 0.992 [0.974,1.011]
BG (degree 2+3 vs degree 1) GFAP (pg/mL) 0.883 [0.762,0.998] GFAP (pg/mL) 0.873 [0.589,1.254] GFAP (pg/mL) 0.895 [0.758,1.021]
BG (degree 2+3 vs degree 1) YKL40 (pg/mL) 1.008 [0.999,1.018] YKL40 (pg/mL) 1.006 [0.987,1.026] YKL40 (pg/mL) 1.010 [0.999,1.023]
BG (degree 2+3 vs degree 1) TREM2 (pg/mL) 1.082 [0.917,1.285] TREM2 (pg/mL) 1.127 [0.814,1.583] TREM2 (pg/mL) 1.072 [0.873,1.325]
BG (degree 2+3 vs degree 1) IL6 (pg/mL) 1.108 [0.943,1.324] IL6 (pg/mL) 1.192 [0.854,1.708] IL6 (pg/mL) 1.119 [0.918,1.413]
BG (degree 2+3 vs degree 1) NFL (pg/mL) 1.000 [0.986,1.014] NFL (pg/mL) 1.031 [0.998,1.07] NFL (pg/mL) 0.991 [0.974,1.009]
BG (degree 2+3 vs degree 1) Neurogranin (pg/mL) 1.001 [0.999,1.004] Neurogranin (pg/mL) 1.002 [0.999,1.007] Neurogranin (pg/mL) 1.001 [0.998,1.005]
BG (degree 2+3 vs degree 1) S100 (pg/mL) 0.850 [0.177,4.13] S100 (pg/mL) 1.782 [0.086,42.126] S100 (pg/mL) 0.810 [0.115,5.683]
BG (degree 2+3 vs degree 1) α-Synuclein (pg/mL) 1.001 [0.999,1.002] α-Synuclein (pg/mL) 1.004 [1,1.018] α-Synuclein (pg/mL) 1.000 [0.999,1.002]
CS (degree 2 vs degree 1) Aβ42/40 0.001 [0.00001, 0.0017] Aβ42/40    Aβ42/40   
CS (degree 2 vs degree 1) p-Tau (pg/mL) 0.960 [0.878,1.055] p-Tau (pg/mL) 1.064 [0.905,1.301] p-Tau (pg/mL) 0.824 [0.669,1.003]
CS (degree 2 vs degree 1) t-Tau (pg/mL) 0.995 [0.984,1.005] t-Tau (pg/mL) 1.006 [0.986,1.028] t-Tau (pg/mL) 0.984 [0.964,1.004]
CS (degree 2 vs degree 1) GFAP (pg/mL) 0.935 [0.806,1.085] GFAP (pg/mL) 1.025 [0.673,1.558] GFAP (pg/mL) 0.921 [0.78,1.095]
CS (degree 2 vs degree 1) YKL40 (pg/mL) 0.997 [0.988,1.006] YKL40 (pg/mL) 1.010 [0.99,1.033] YKL40 (pg/mL) 0.992 [0.981,1.003]
CS (degree 2 vs degree 1) TREM2 (pg/mL) 0.899 [0.755,1.067] TREM2 (pg/mL) 0.883 [0.636,1.208] TREM2 (pg/mL) 0.911 [0.724,1.143]
CS (degree 2 vs degree 1) IL6 (pg/mL) 1.016 [0.866,1.21] IL6 (pg/mL) 1.098 [0.722,1.759] IL6 (pg/mL) 0.991 [0.825,1.212]
CS (degree 2 vs degree 1) NFL (pg/mL) 0.992 [0.979,1.002] NFL (pg/mL) 0.992 [0.962,1.024] NFL (pg/mL) 0.992 [0.974,1.002]
CS (degree 2 vs degree 1) Neurogranin (pg/mL) 1.001 [0.998,1.003] Neurogranin (pg/mL) 1.003 [0.998,1.009] Neurogranin (pg/mL) 1.000 [0.997,1.004]
CS (degree 2 vs degree 1) S100 (pg/mL) 0.960 [0.189,5.014] S100 (pg/mL) 0.445 [0.018,11.609] S100 (pg/mL) 1.155 [0.146,9.506]
CS (degree 2 vs degree 1) α-Synuclein (pg/mL) 1.003 [1,1.007] α-Synuclein (pg/mL) 1.013 [0.998,1.038] α-Synuclein (pg/mL) 1.003 [1,1.007]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 1) Aβ42/40 ~0 [0,0.8373] Aβ42/40    Aβ42/40   
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 1) p-Tau (pg/mL) 1.010 [0.946,1.112] p-Tau (pg/mL) 1.152 [0.986,1.487] p-Tau (pg/mL) 0.814 [0.643,1.011]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 1) t-Tau (pg/mL) 1.000 [0.992,1.011] t-Tau (pg/mL) 1.013 [0.996,1.039] t-Tau (pg/mL) 0.982 [0.959,1.003]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 1) GFAP (pg/mL) 1.021 [0.876,1.217] GFAP (pg/mL) 1.280 [0.77,2.285] GFAP (pg/mL) 1.009 [0.853,1.226]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 1) YKL40 (pg/mL) 1.002 [0.993,1.012] YKL40 (pg/mL) 1.010 [0.989,1.036] YKL40 (pg/mL) 0.999 [0.988,1.01]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 1) TREM2 (pg/mL) 1.017 [0.808,1.279] TREM2 (pg/mL) 1.008 [0.643,1.604] TREM2 (pg/mL) 1.051 [0.78,1.421]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 1) IL6 (pg/mL) 1.118 [0.885,1.429] IL6 (pg/mL) 1.485 [0.898,3.101] IL6 (pg/mL) 1.079 [0.763,1.484]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 1) NFL (pg/mL) 0.994 [0.982,1.004] NFL (pg/mL) 1.002 [0.972,1.039] NFL (pg/mL) 0.994 [0.977,1.004]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 1) Neurogranin (pg/mL) 1.001 [0.999,1.004] Neurogranin (pg/mL) 1.003 [0.999,1.009] Neurogranin (pg/mL) 1.000 [0.996,1.005]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 1) S100 (pg/mL) 0.403 [0.047,3.219] S100 (pg/mL) 1.286 [0.017,113.076] S100 (pg/mL) 0.322 [0.02,4.771]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 1) α-Synuclein (pg/mL) 1.004 [1,1.011] α-Synuclein (pg/mL) 1.016 [0.999,1.051] α-Synuclein (pg/mL) 1.003 [0.997,1.01]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 2) Aβ42/40 0.000 [0,0.01349] Aβ42/40    Aβ42/40   
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 2) p-Tau (pg/mL) 1.037 [0.981,1.108] p-Tau (pg/mL) 1.158 [1.032,1.351] p-Tau (pg/mL) 0.954 [0.797,1.135]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 2) t-Tau (pg/mL) 1.004 [0.997,1.012] t-Tau (pg/mL) 1.020 [1.005,1.041] t-Tau (pg/mL) 0.996 [0.977,1.015]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 2) GFAP (pg/mL) 1.083 [0.963,1.234] GFAP (pg/mL) 1.355 [0.961,2.05] GFAP (pg/mL) 1.065 [0.934,1.229]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 2) YKL40 (pg/mL) 1.005 [0.997,1.013] YKL40 (pg/mL) 1.006 [0.991,1.022] YKL40 (pg/mL) 1.006 [0.996,1.016]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 2) TREM2 (pg/mL) 1.112 [0.939,1.322] TREM2 (pg/mL) 1.231 [0.906,1.719] TREM2 (pg/mL) 1.036 [0.831,1.294]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 2) IL6 (pg/mL) 1.072 [0.904,1.268] IL6 (pg/mL) 1.371 [0.954,2.11] IL6 (pg/mL) 0.993 [0.783,1.217]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 2) NFL (pg/mL) 1.009 [0.996,1.023] NFL (pg/mL) 1.008 [0.985,1.032] NFL (pg/mL) 1.012 [0.993,1.031]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 2) Neurogranin (pg/mL) 1.002 [1,1.003] Neurogranin (pg/mL) 1.004 [1.001,1.008] Neurogranin (pg/mL) 1.002 [0.999,1.005]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 2) S100 (pg/mL) 0.505 [0.094,2.614] S100 (pg/mL) 0.548 [0.028,8.746] S100 (pg/mL) 0.476 [0.051,4.062]
CS (degree 3+4 vs degree 2) α-Synuclein (pg/mL) 1.000 [0.999,1.001] α-Synuclein (pg/mL) 1.001 [1,1.004] α-Synuclein (pg/mL) 0.999 [0.996,1.001]
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

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