Fig. 3

β3AR stimulation reverses memory deficits in 16-month-old 3xTg-AD. a Description of the novel object recognition test. Recognition indexes (RI) assessed before (14-month-old mice) and after (16-month-old mice) the treatment with CL-316,243 or saline in b NonTg and c 3xTg-AD mice. d Final recognition index, e time spent exploring the old (O), and the novel (N) object during the 5-min acquisition phase and f total observations measured at the end of the experiment (final, 16-month-old mice). g Correlation between the % change in recognition index (the change in RI before versus after the treatment) and UCP1 levels measured in BAT. h Representation of the open field apparatus. i Total distance traveled and j average speed during the 1-h test. k Representation of the dark-light emergence test. l Time spent in the light compartment and m latency before the first exploration in the light compartment. Recognition index = (time exploring the novel object / total exploration time) × 100. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n/group indicated in graphics). Statistics: Paired t-test (baseline versus final recognition index (b, c); old (O) versus novel (N) object (e)): ^$p < 0.05; ^$$p < 0.01 (b, c, e); ns: non-significant compared to recognition index at baseline (b, c). Dotted red line: 50% RI corresponds to an equal (random) exploration between the novel and the familiar object. One sample t-test versus 50% (random chance): ^##p < 0.01 (d). Pearson r correlation: *p < 0.05 (g). Two-way ANOVA, effect of genotype: ^&&p < 0.01 (j, m). Two-way ANOVA, effect of genotype or treatment: ns (d). Abbreviations: 3xTg-AD: triple transgenic mice; CL: CL-316,243-injected group; eEF2: eukaryotic elongation factor 2; NonTg: non-transgenic mice; O.D.: optical density; S: saline-injected group; UCP1: uncoupling protein 1