Table 2 Neuropsychological assessment in young-AD presenting with and without an initial burnout like syndrome (BO), old-AD, young and old controls (YC, OC)
Old-AD (n = 30) | YC (n = 16) | OC (n = 28) | P (cdr)° | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Young-AD (n = 66) | |||||||
BO (n = 21) | No BO (n = 45) | ||||||
Age (years) | 55.1 (6.6) | 57.8 (3.9) | 74.2 (4.8) | 53.8 (10) | 71 (4.1) | < 0.001 | |
Age of onset | 52.62 (6.4) | 54.5 (4.1) | 71.5 (4.8) | NA | NA | < 0.001 | |
Educational level# | 2–3 | 4.7% (n = 1) | 24.4% (n = 11) | NA | NA | NA | |
3–4 | 14.3% (n = 3) | 26.6% (n = 12) | NA | NA | NA | ||
5–6 | 81% (n = 17) | 50% (n = 22) | NA | NA | NA | ||
History of depression | 4.8% (n = 1) | 6.7% (n = 3) | NA | NA | NA | ||
Neuropsychological assessment | |||||||
CDR | 0.5 | 76.2% (n = 16) | 51.1% (n = 23) | 90% | NA | NA | 0.007 |
≥ 1 | 23.8% (n = 5) | 48.9% (n = 22) | 10% | NA | NA | ||
Global cognitive efficiency | MMSE | 20.1 (4.1) | 17.3 (5.8) | 24 (3.7) | 29.2 (1.1)** | 29.2 (0.8)** | < 0.001 |
Spatiotemporal orientation | 7.3 (1.9) | 6.3 (2.8) | 8.0 (2.5) | 9.9 (0.3)** | 9.9 (0.3)** | 0.12 | |
Episodic Memory | FCSRT Immediate recall (16) | 8.2 (5.2) | 8.4 (4.4) | 11.9 (3.5) | 15.7 (0.5)** | 15.8 (0.5)** | 0.002 |
FCSRT Free recall (48) | 13.9 (12.4) | 12.1 (9.7) | 12.6 (7) | 34.3 (4.9)** | 32.6 (4)** | 0.07 | |
FCSRT Total recall (48) | 27.7 (15.3) | 26.4 (13.5) | 29.4 (13) | 47.5 (0.7)** | 47.3 (1)** | 0.5 | |
ROCF recall (36) | 6.2 (3) | 8.2 (7.1) | 8.1 (8) | 19.4 (5.1)** | 19.4 (6)** | 0.8 | |
Attention and working memory | Verbal backward digit span | 5 (1.2) | 4.4 (1.3) | 5.3 (0.9) | 6.5 (0.9)** | 5.9 (1.3) | 0.023 |
Verbal forward digit span | 2.8 (0.8) | 2.4 (1.1) | 4 (1.1) | 4.7 (1.1)** | 4.8 (1.2)* | < 0.001 | |
Visual backward digit span | 3.4 (1.8) | 3.1 (1.5) | 4.5 (1.3) | NA | NA | 0.15 | |
Visual forward digit span | 2.7 (1.2) | 2.3 (1.7) | 3.5 (1.6) | NA | NA | 0.001 | |
Executive functions | Literal Verbal fluency (2 min) | 14.5 (9.3) | 9.1 (13.9) | 16.5 (8.2) | 36.7 (7.6)** | 35.2 (10)** | 0.02 |
Categorial Verbal fluency (2 min) | 18.2 (9.6) | 13.9 (6.3) | 21.9 (7.6) | 25.5 (8.3)** | 24.3 (7.3)** | 0.003 | |
TMTB-A | 111.6 (54.9) | 154.3 (72.8) | 103.3 (76) | 36.3 (23.5)** | 40.6 (24.9)** | 0.15 | |
Instrumental functions | Kinesthetic praxies | 21.4 (7.7) | 21.6 (8.1) | 26.1 (5.2) | NA | NA | 0.059 |
Ideomotor praxis (without signification) | 20 (10.2) | 20.6 (10.6) | 27.1 (5.6) | 29.6 (0.5)** | 28.9 (1.4)** | 0.017 | |
Ideomotor praxis (action mimic) | 23.4 (7.5) | 24.8 (6.5) | 27.5 (5) | NA | NA | 0.18 | |
Naming (80) | 34.4 (5.6) | 30.5 (9.3) | 37.7 (7.4) | 40 (0)** | 28.9 (1.4) | 0.007 | |
Copy of the Rey figure (36) | 20.5 (15.4) | 30.1 (12) | 34.4 (1.3) | 34.6 (2.1)** | 59.2 (1.7) | 0.008 | |
Anosognosia | Functional/social & | 7.7 (27) | 25 (26) | NA | NA | 0.01 | |
Memory && | 9.6 (21) | 20 (24) | NA | NA | 0.1 | ||