The efficacy of exergaming in people with major neurocognitive disorder residing in long-term care facilities: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Table 2 The effects of an exergame intervention and a music intervention on measured outcomes

Variable	Intervention (n = 23)		Control (n = 22)		P	F	η²_p
	Pre test (mean ± SD)	Post test (mean ± SD)	Pre test (mean ± SD)	Post test (mean ± SD)
SPPB	5.5 ± 1.9	8.5 ± 2.5	5.2 ± 2.9	3.8 ± 2.5	< 0.001*	72.1	0.64
Gait speed (m/s)	0.6 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.3	0.6 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.2	< 0.001*	29.3	0.41
SRTT (ms)	2827.1 ± 1884.1	1426.6 ± 333.1	4551.1 ± 4243.6	5292.9 ± 4893.4	< 0.001*	38.8	0.51
MoCA	9.4 ± 4.1	12.1 ± 5.2	8.5 ± 5.2	5.7 ± 4.0	< 0.001*	24.4	0.38
NPI	11.4 ± 12.8	6.6 ± 11.4	8.4 ± 7.4	16.1 ± 15.1	0.165	2.0	0.05
CSDD	7.0 ± 6.4	3.0 ± 4.4	5.3 ± 4.5	9.3 ± 6.7	< 0.001*	28.8	0.43
DQoL	2.7 ± 0.7	3.5 ± 0.9	3.0 ± 0.9	3.0 ± 0.9	0.012	6.9	0.16
ADL	9.0 ± 2.1	9.0 ± 2.3	10.1 ± 2.8	11.4 ± 3.4	0.008	7.7	0.16

*Significant when P < 0.00625 (0.05/8 comparisons) using Quade’s non-parametric analyses of covariance with post test scores as dependent variables, groups as independent variables, and baseline scores as covariates. ADL, activities of daily living (range = 6 to 24 with higher scores indicating higher dependency in activities of daily living); CSDD, Cornell scale for depression in dementia (range = 0 to 38, and a score below 6 is associated with absence of depressive symptoms, and scores above 10 indicate probable major depression); DQoL, Dementia Quality of Life (scores range from 1 (poor QoL) to 5 (excellent QoL)); MoCA, Montréal Cognitive Assessment (total scores range from 0 to 30 with lower scores indicating more cognitive impairment); NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (12-item score with a range of 0 to 12 per item); SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery (total scores range from 0 to 12 with lower scores indicating a higher risk and a score lower than 10 indicates one or more mobility limitations); SRTT, step reaction time test (lower values indicate a faster reaction time)

ISSN: 1758-9193