Skip to main content

Table 3 Interaction effect of depression and CVD on the risk of dementia onset

From: Additive interaction of mid- to late-life depression and cerebrovascular disease on the risk of dementia: a nationwide population-based cohort study

 

Risk of dementia by exposure, HR (95% CI)

Additive interaction (95% CI)

Multiplicative interactiona (95% CI)

No depression or CVD

Depression

CVD

Depression and CVD

APa

RERIa

SIa

Model 1b

1 [Reference]

2.41 (2.27–2.55)

4.51 (4.32–4.70)

6.54 (6.08–7.05)

0.10 (0.02–0.17)

0.63 (0.13–1.13)

1.13 (1.03–1.24)

0.60 (0.55–0.67)

Model 2c

1 [Reference]

2.39 (2.26–2.54)

3.33 (3.19–3.47)

5.16 (4.79–5.56)

0.09 (0.01–0.16)

0.44 (0.04–0.84)

1.12 (1.01–1.24)

0.65 (0.59–0.71)

Model 3d

1 [Reference]

2.35 (2.21–2.49)

3.25 (3.11–3.39)

5.02 (4.66–5.42)

0.08 (0.01–0.16)

0.42 (0.03–0.82)

1.12 (1.01–1.24)

0.66 (0.60–0.73)

Dementia subtypee

 AD

1 [Reference]

2.36 (2.21–2.52)

2.77 (2.63–2.91)

4.54 (4.15–4.95)

0.09 (0.00–0.18)

0.41 (−0.01–0.83)

1.13 (1.00–1.28)

0.69 (0.62–0.78)

 VD

1 [Reference]

2.13 (1.68–2.70)

9.75 (8.64–11.02)

11.98 (9.74–14.75)

0.09 (− 0.14–0.32)

1.1 (−1.29–3.49)

1.11 (0.89–1.39)

0.58 (0.42–0.78)

 Non-AD or non-VDf

1 [Reference]

2.37 (2.02–2.78)

2.97 (2.64–3.35)

4.55 (3.68–5.62)

0.05 (− 0.18–0.28)

0.21 (− 0.80–1.22)

1.06 (0.80–1.42)

0.65 (0.49–0.85)

Ageg

 50 to 64 years

1 [Reference]

3.46 (3.12–3.83)

6.93 (6.38–7.53)

10.10 (8.85–11.53)

0.07 (− 0.07–0.21)

0.72 (− 0.61–2.05)

1.09 (0.94–1.26)

0.42 (0.36–0.50)

 Above 64 years

1 [Reference]

2.01 (1.87–2.16)

2.53 (2.41–2.66)

3.83 (3.50–4.21)

0.08 (− 0.02–0.18)

0.29 (− 0.08–0.67)

1.12 (0.97–1.28)

0.75 (0.67–0.85)

Sexg

 Men

1 [Reference]

3.16 (2.82–3.54)

4.31 (4.01–4.64)

6.71 (5.85–7.69)

0.04 (− 0.12–0.19)

0.24 (− 0.71–1.19)

1.04 (0.88–1.23)

0.75 (0.67–0.85)

 Women

1 [Reference]

2.11 (1.97–2.26)

2.82 (2.67–2.97)

4.46 (4.07–4.88)

0.12 (0.03–0.21)

0.53 (0.11–0.95)

1.18 (1.04–1.34)

0.69 (0.62–0.78)

  1. Abbreviations: AD Alzheimer’s disease, AP attributable proportion due to interaction, CI confidence interval, CVD cerebrovascular disease, HR hazard ratio, RERI relative excess risk due to interaction, SI synergy index, VD vascular dementia
  2. aNull hypothesis for each interaction is AP = 0, RERI = 0, SI = 1, and multiplicative interaction = 1
  3. bUnadjusted model
  4. cAdjusted for demographic characteristics (age, sex, residential area, and income level)
  5. dAdjusted for demographic characteristics (age, sex, residential area, and income level) and 14 comorbidities (myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, connective tissue disorder, peptic ulcer, mild liver disease, uncomplicated diabetes, complicated diabetes, hemiplegia, moderate or severe renal diseases, non-metastatic solid cancer, moderate or severe liver diseases, and metastatic solid cancer)
  6. eSubgroup analysis for dementia subtype was based on model 3 (adjusted for demographic characteristics and 14 comorbidities) and conducted separately by considering the other dementia subtypes as a competing risk
  7. fIncludes dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere (F02), unspecified dementia (F03), other degenerative diseases of the nervous system, and not elsewhere classified (G31)
  8. gSubgroup analyses for age and sex were based on model 3 (adjusted for demographic characteristics and 14 comorbidities). Age or sex was not considered as a covariate in each subgroup analysis
Back to article page