Fig. 7
From: Human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease
Levels of the pre-synaptic protein synaptophysin were reduced in the brains of AD mice. Evaluation of synaptophysin (Syp) immunoreactivity revealed significant decreases in the a amygdala and the b medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of early-stage AD mice that were ameliorated by EV treatment. Late-stage AD mice showed significant reductions in Syp in the c amygdala that were ameliorated by EV treatment. d AD-related changes in Syp were not observed in the mPFC. Representative images of Syp staining from late-stage mice qualitatively demonstrate these relative changes in e–g the amygdala of wild type, AD, and AD mice treated with EVs (WT, AD, AD+EV, respectively) and h–j the mPFC similarly (basal lateral amygdala, BLA; infralimbic cortex, IL; red, Syp; blue, DAPI nuclear counterstain). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (N = 4 mice/group). P values are derived from ANOVA and Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. *P < 0.05 as compared to AD. Scale bar = 40 μm