Fig. 5

Dense core Aβ plaque number was reduced in AD mice that received EV treatment. a Early-stage AD mice exhibited increased numbers of Aβ plaques in the amygdala that were reduced by EV treatment and b late-stage AD mice exhibited increased numbers of Aβ plaques in both the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that were reduced by EV treatment. Representative images of Thio-S staining for late-stage AD and AD+EV mice qualitatively demonstrate late AD neuropathology as shown by the accumulation of Aβ plaques in the c amygdala and e mPFC that were reduced in both the d amygdala and f mPFC regions of the AD brain by EV treatment (basal lateral amygdala, BLA; infralimbic cortex, IL; ABP, green). g Aβ multiplex ELISA indicated the elevation of soluble Aβ40 in brain lysates that was significantly reduced by EV treatment, h while no changes were observed between AD and AD+EV mice in levels of insoluble Aβ. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (Thio-S, N = 4 mice/group; ELISA, N = 7 mice/group). P values derived from unpaired Student’s t tests. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 as compared to AD. Scale bar = 70 μm