Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics for all randomized patients

From: Randomized crossover trial of a modified ketogenic diet in Alzheimer’s disease

Characteristic

Ketogenic-usual diet (n = 13)

Usual-ketogenic diet (n = 13)

All patients (n = 26)

Age (years)

68.0 ±5.4 (range, 57–77)

71.7 ± 6.2 (range, 61–79)

69.8 ± 6.0 (range, 57–79)

Sex (male)

10 (77%)

6 (46%)

16 (62%)

Education (years)

13.2 ± 3.6

11.5 ± 1.1

12.3 ±  2.7

Ethnicity

European

11 (85%)

11 (85%)

22 (85%)

Maori

1 (8%)

1 (8%)

2 (8%)

Cook Islander

0

1 (8%)

1 (4%)

Indian

1 (8%)

0

1 (4%)

Screening tests

Dementia severity rating scale

11.8 ± 5.2

12.4 ± 4.8

12.1 ± 4.9

Geriatric depression scale

2.2 ± 1.7

2.2 ± 2.0

2.2 ± 1.8

Hachinski ischemia scale

2.1 ± 1.4

1.4 ± 1.0

1.7 ±  1.3

Body mass index

27.8 ± 5.9

26.6 ± 2.7

27.2 ± 4.5

Apolipoprotein E genotype

Noncarrier (E2/3)

2 (15%)

1 (8%)

3 (12%)

Noncarrier (E3/3)

6 (46%)

0

6 (23%)

Heterozygote (E3/4)

4 (31%)

11 (85%)

15 (58%)

Homozygote (E4/4)

1 (8%)

1 (8%)

2 (8%)

Comorbidities relevant to ketogenic diet

Type 2 diabetes

0

2 (15%)

2 (8%)

Ischemic heart disease

2 (15%)

1 (8%)

3 (12%)

Cholecystectomy

0

1 (8%)

1 (4%)

History of urinary calculus

1 (8%)

2 (15%)

3 (12%)

History of gout

0

2 (15%)

2 (8%)

Medications relevant to cognition

Donepezil

4 (31%)

4 (31%)

8 (31%)

Beta-blocker

4 (31%)

1 (8%)

5 (19%)

Statin

2 (15%)

2 (15%)

4 (15%)

Benzodiazepine

1 (8%)

1 (8%)

2 (8%)

No medications at all

3 (23%)

4 (31%)

7 (27%)

Usual diet (by weight)

Fat

21%

21%

21%

Saturated

11%

12%

12%

Unsaturated

10%

9%

9%

Protein

24%

24%

24%

Fibre

7%

8%

8%

Net carbohydrate

48%

47%

47%

Usual diet (by energy intake)

Fat

37%

37%

37%

Protein

19%

19%

19%

Carbohydrate

44%

44%

44%

  1. Except for % variables, values are presented as mean ± standard deviation
  2. Due to round-off, some percent variables may add up to slightly over 100%