Skip to main content

Table 4 Relationships between WAIS-R Digit Symbol Substitution Test performance and ACE-I vs. ARB use over time (n = 1544)

From: The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors vs. angiotensin receptor blockers and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease: the importance of blood-brain barrier penetration and APOE ε4 carrier status

  Overall APOE ε4 non-carriers APOE ε4 carriers
β [95% CI] t df p value β [95% CI] t df p value β [95% CI] t df p value
ARBs vs. ACE-Is 0.050[0.001, 0.099] 1.98 533.5 0.0483 0.085[0.012, 0.158] 2.28 533.9 0.0230 0.0471[− 0.012, 0.106] 1.56 558.9 0.1186
C-ARBs vs. NC-ACE-Is 0.044[− 0.012, 0.101] 1.54 586.1 0.1252 0.106[0.026, 0.185] 2.60 647.9 0.0095 0.020 [− 0.051, 0.091] 0.55 574.0 0.5852
C-ACE-Is vs. NC-ACE-Is 0.012[− 0.061, 0.086] 0.33 562.0 0.7388 0.055[− 0.050, 0.161] 1.03 708.9 0.3035 − 0.023[− 0.115, 0.069] − 0.49 487.1 0.6224
NC-ARBs vs. NC-ACE-Is 0.043[− 0.016, 0.102] 1.42 600.3 0.1560 0.074[− 0.009, 0.158] 1.74 694.8 0.0816 0.024[− 0.049, 0.098] 0.65 523.3 0.5177
C-ARBs vs. NC-ARBs 0.005[− 0.046, 0.055] 0.18 609.9 0.8567 0.037[− 0.030, 0.104] 1.08 994.6 0.2822 − 0.003[− 0.062, 0.056] − 0.09 851.0 0.9292
C-ARBs vs. C-ACE-Is 0.036[− 0.010, 0.082] 1.53 853.1 0.1250 0.070[0.003, 0.136] 2.06 606.4 0.0400 0.035[− 0.020, 0.090] 1.24 678.5 0.2147
  1. Three-way APOE × ARB vs. ACE-I × Time interaction: β = 0.025 [− 0.037, 0.088], t = 0.79, p = 0.4309
  2. C-ARB: BBB-crossing ARB; C-ACE-I: BBB-crossing ACE-I; NC-ARB: Non-BBB-crossing ARB; NC-ACE-I: Non-BBB-crossing ACE-I