Fig. 3

Chronic JM4 treatment blocked neuron loss in PS19 mouse brains. a Images of coronal sections of mouse brains containing the hippocampus at 10 months of age showing NeuN immunoreactivity. × 2 objective. Rectangles mark CA1 region and dashed rectangles mark frontal cortex region selected for quantification. Scale bar 500 μm. b Magnified images of the hippocampus CA1 region showing NeuN immunoreactivity. × 10 objective. Scale bar 100 μm. There is marked decrease in the number of neuronal cell bodies stained by NeuN antibody in PBS sham-treated PS19 mice brain compared to JM4-treated PS19 mice brain. c Quantification of NeuN immunoreactivity in the hippocampus CA1 region. The values were normalized to the area in wild-type control mice brain sections (***p < 0.001, PBS sham-treated PS19 mice vs. wild-type mice, and PBS sham-treated PS19 mice vs. JM4-treated PS19 mice, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test). d Quantification of the number of NeuN positive neurons per a field of view in the hippocampus CA1 region (***p < 0.001, PBS sham-treated PS19 mice vs. wild-type mice, and *p < 0.05 PBS sham-treated PS19 mice vs. JM4-treated PS19 mice, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test). e Magnified images of the frontal cortex region showing NeuN immunoreactivity. × 10 objective. Scale bar 100 μm. f Quantification of NeuN immunoreactivity in the frontal cortex. The values were normalized to the area in wild-type control mice brain sections. No statistically significant differences were noted. g Quantification of the number of NeuN positive neurons per a field of view in the frontal cortex. No statistically significant differences were noted