From: Cognitive impact of COVID-19: looking beyond the short term
 | References |
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1. Hypoxia and cerebral hypoperfusion secondary to cardiorespiratory disease | |
 - Hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury, diffuse white matter damage |  |
2. Coagulopathy, with thrombotic occlusion of cerebral blood vessels | [22] |
 - Cerebral artery thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation |  |
3. Cerebral microvascular damage and dysfunction | |
 - Endotheliitis, pericyte damage, BBB leakiness, neurovascular dysfunction, impaired autoregulation, impaired vascular/para-vascular drainage |  |
4. Dysregulation of renin-angiotensin system | |
 - Loss of regulatory RAS and overactivity of classical RAS signalling |  |
5. SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis / post-infective encephalitis (rare) | |
 - CNS viral neuroinvasion via olfactory nerve fibres or vasculature/post-infective immune injury to CNS |  |