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Table 2 Multi-morbidity items by exploratory factor analysis derived frailty domain

From: Portals to frailty? Data-driven analyses detect early frailty profiles

Domain

Indictor

Mobility

Finger dexteritya

Timed turna

Grip strengthb

Use of walker, cane, or wheelchairc

Instrumental health

Health has affected ability to traveld

Health has affected ability to socialized

Health has affected ability to do hobbiesd

Health has affected ability to do mental activitiesd

Health has affected ability to get around townd

Health has affected ability to do choresd

Emotional wellbeing

Bradburn negative affect (restless, lonely, bored, depressed, upset due to criticism)e

CES-D “during the past week, my sleep was restless”f

CES-D “during the past week, I felt depressed”f

CES-D “during the past week, I felt lonely”f

Comorbidity

Anemiag

Sex-related health problems (i.e., gynecological problems or prostate problems)g

Gastrointestinal problems (colitis/diverticulitis, gall bladder trouble, and/or liver trouble)g

Kidney or bladder troubleg

Respiratory symptoms

Feeling short of breathc

Bronchitis or emphysemag

Asthmag

Cardiac symptoms

Pulse pressureh

Heart troubleg

Hardening of arteries (i.e., atherosclerosis)g

High blood pressureg

Strokeg

Physical activity

Stay at home but in chair most of the timec

Health has affected ability to do physical recreational activitiesd

Spinal condition and/or back troubleg

Arthritis (rheumatoid and/or osteo)g

  1. aPerformance was recoded as 0 (< 90th percentile) or 1 (within 90th percentile)
  2. bPerformance was recoded as 0 or 1. See Supplementary Table 1, Additional File 1
  3. c0 = no, 1 = yes
  4. d0 = no change, improved, N/A; 0.25 = slightly reduced; 0.50 = moderately reduced; 0.75 = drastically reduced; 1 = gave up doing activity
  5. e0 = no to all; 0.2 = yes to one; 0.4 = yes to two; 0.6 = yes to three; 0.8 = yes to four; 1 = yes to all
  6. f0 = rarely or none of the time; 0.33 = some or a little of the time; 0.67 = occasionally or a moderate amount of the time; 1 = most or all of the time
  7. g0 = no; 0.33 = yes, not serious; 0.67 = yes, moderately serious; 1 = yes, very serious
  8. hPerformance was recoded as 0 = 32.13–63.90; 0.5 = 64–75.9; 1 = 76+