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Table 3 Age- and sex-adjusted effects of risk factors on ATN subgroups: multinomial logistic regression

From: Prediction of Alzheimer’s disease biomarker status defined by the ‘ATN framework’ among cognitively healthy individuals: results from the EPAD longitudinal cohort study

  

Predicting Alzheimer’s pathologic change

Predicting Alzheimer’s disease

Predicting AD/non-AD pathologic change

Predicting non-AD pathology

N

RRR (95% CI)

P

RRR (95% CI)

P

RRR (95% CI)

P

RRR (95% CI)

P

Risk exposures

 1. Age, years

1010

1.02 (1.00, 1.05)

0.08

1.14 (1.09, 1.19)

1.3 × 10−09

0.97 (0.92, 1.02)

0.25

1.07 (1.04, 1.10)

2.9 × 10−06

 2. Sex, female

1010

0.80 (0.58, 1.10)

0.17

0.93 (0.55, 1.56)

0.78

0.71 (0.34, 1.47)

0.36

1.05 (0.71, 1.56)

0.79

 3. Education, years

1010

1.00 (0.96, 1.05)

0.87

0.95 (0.89, 1.02)

0.18

1.07 (0.97, 1.18)

0.16

0.99 (0.94, 1.04)

0.75

 4. APOE4

955

1.93 (1.37, 2.72)

1.6 × 10−04

6.48 (3.57, 11.8)

8.5 × 10−10

1.09 (0.50, 2.36)

0.82

1.27 (0.83, 1.93)

0.27

 5. Family history

1010

1.00 (0.70, 1.44)

0.99

4.12 (1.93, 8.77)

2.5 × 10−04

0.63 (0.29, 1.37)

0.25

0.75 (0.50, 1.14)

0.18

 6. Systolic BP

1009

1.00 (1.00, 1.01)

0.35

1.00 (0.98, 1.02)

1.0

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

0.32

1.00 (0.99, 1.01)

0.95

 7. BMI

1006

0.98 (0.94, 1.02)

0.29

0.88 (0.82, 0.95)

0.001

1.02 (0.94, 1.10)

0.65

0.98 (0.93, 1.02)

0.30

 8. High cholesterol

1010

0.75 (0.48, 1.18)

0.21

0.49 (0.22, 1.08)

0.08

0.52 (0.15, 1.77)

0.30

0.84 (0.51, 1.40)

0.51

 9. Physical inactivity

1005

0.86 (0.62, 1.19)

0.36

1.01 (0.59, 1.71)

0.98

0.83 (0.38, 1.79)

0.64

1.13 (0.77, 1.67)

0.53

 10. Ever smoked

1005

1.09 (0.79, 1.50)

0.62

1.34 (0.79, 2.28)

0.28

1.54 (0.72, 3.29)

0.27

1.39 (0.94, 2.05)

0.10

 11. BP medication

1010

0.61 (0.38, 0.97)

0.04

0.48 (0.23, 1.04)

0.06

0.87 (0.32, 2.40)

0.79

0.69 (0.41, 1.18)

0.18

 12. Diabetes

1010

0.32 (0.11, 0.94)

0.04

0.81 (0.26, 2.51)

0.72

–

 

1.44 (0.68, 3.05)

0.34

 13. Prior CVD

1010

0.68 (0.27, 1.73)

0.42

0.71 (0.19, 2.57)

0.60

2.00 (0.43, 9.23)

0.38

1.10 (0.45, 2.70)

0.84

 14. Atrial fibrillation

1010

0.87 (0.23, 3.27)

0.84

0.81 (0.10, 6.73)

0.84

–

 

2.22 (0.72, 6.86)

0.17

 15. WML volume*

988

1.008 (1.003, 1.014)

0.002

1.014 (1.007, 1.020)

4.0 × 10−05

1.012 (1.004, 1.021)

0.005

1.002 (0.995, 1.010)

0.52

 16. MMSE

1009

1.02 (0.90, 1.16)

0.74

0.79 (0.68, 0.93)

0.006

1.04 (0.77, 1.41)

0.80

0.91 (0.79, 1.05)

0.18

 17. Episodic verbal memory

1007

1.00 (0.96, 1.04)

0.95

0.95 (0.89, 1.01)

0.10

1.03 (0.94, 1.14)

0.53

0.98 (0.93, 1.03)

0.38

 18. Executive function

1007

0.98 (0.97, 1.00)

0.05

0.97 (0.95, 1.00)

0.02

0.99 (0.96, 1.03)

0.70

0.98 (0.96, 1.00)

0.08

Composite scores

 19. CAIDE

1002

0.92 (0.77, 1.10)

0.34

1.00 (0.75, 1.32)

0.98

0.86 (0.56, 1.32)

0.49

1.05 (0.85, 1.29)

0.65

 20. Framingham CVD

1005

0.90 (0.70, 1.12)

0.33

0.84 (0.57, 1.23)

0.37

0.96 (0.56, 1.64)

0.88

0.97 (0.74, 1.27)

0.82

 21. Framingham stroke

1005

0.99 (0.78, 1.27)

0.96

0.94 (0.65, 1.37)

0.75

1.31 (0.77, 2.24)

0.32

1.23 (0.93, 1.61)

0.14

  1. All models additionally adjust for study site (n = 21). Effects sizes are relative risk ratios (RRR) and their 95% confidence intervals. For the full sample (n = 1010) the groups sizes are as follows: normal AD biomarkers: n = 567; Alzheimer’s pathologic change: n = 211; AD: n = 67; AD and non-AD pathologic change: n = 31; non-AD pathologic change: n = 134. Composite scores are entered into models as z-scores. P values in bold survive Bonferroni correction (0.5/84 = 0.006)
  2. *Proportion of total brain volume. No significant interaction terms were observed between individual vascular risk factors and age nor sex, respectively, except that sex and MMSE score in predicting Alzheimer’s pathologic change (p = 0.006), and age and APOE4 in predicting Alzheimer’s pathologic change (p < 0.001)
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193