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Table 1 Descriptive data on AD risk factors according to ATN subgroups

From: Prediction of Alzheimer’s disease biomarker status defined by the ‘ATN framework’ among cognitively healthy individuals: results from the EPAD longitudinal cohort study

 

Total

Normal AD biomarkers

Alzheimer’s pathologic change

Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s and non-AD pathologic change

Non-AD pathologic change

P value*

N

1010

567

211

67

31

134

 

Risk exposures

 Age, years

64.6 ± 6.8

63.6 ± 6.6

64.7 ± 7.1

69.1 ± 5.9

62.4 ± 7.1

66.7 ± 6.2

< 0.001

 Sex, female

58.6%

60.1%

54.0%

56.7%

51.6%

60.5%

0.51

 Education, years

14.7 ± 3.7

14.8 ± 3.7

14.9 ± 3.7

13.9 ± 3.8

15.8 ± 3.5

14.5 ± 3.6

0.14

 APOE4

37.5%

32.2%

47.5%

69.2%

36.7%

34.9%

< 0.001

 Family history

68.5%

72.1%

69.2%

86.6%

61.3%

61.2%

0.003

 Systolic BP

134.8 ± 17.8

133.5 ± 17.6

136.4 ± 17.9

137.8 ± 17.0

136.9 ± 18.1

136.0 ± 18.8

0.10

 BMI

26.4 ± 4.3

26.4 ± 4.3

26.5 ± 4.3

24.8 ± 3.7

27.2 ± 4.5

26.2 ± 4.6

0.03

 High cholesterol

16.3%

17.3%

14.7%

11.9%

9.7%

17.2%

0.59

 Physical inactivity

43.0%

43.3%

38.3%

43.3%

36.7%

45.9%

0.61

 Ever smoked

54.2%

52.1%

53.1%

58.2%

60.0%

59.4%

0.50

 BP medication

15.5%

17.6%

13.3%

13.4%

16.1%

15.7%

0.63

 Diabetes

4.5%

4.9%

1.9%

6.0%

0.0%

8.2%

0.05

 Prior CVD

4.1%

3.7%

2.8%

4.5%

6.5%

5.2%

0.75

 Atrial fibrillation

1.9%

1.6%

1.4%

1.5%

0.0%

3.7%

0.44

 WML volume*

12.9 ±

9.3 ± 26.2

17.3 ± 35.2

27.8 ± 48.5

24.1 ± 42.8

11.2 ± 27.8

< 0.001

 MMSE

28.8 ± 1.3

28.9 ± 1.3

28.9 ± 1.2

28.2 ± 1.9

29.0 ± 1.3

28.6 ± 1.2

< 0.001

 Episodic verbal memory

29.1 ± 4.2

29.4 ± 4.2

29.0 ± 4.2

27.4 ± 4.5

29.7 ± 3.6

28.5 ± 4.3

0.002

 Executive function

46.3 ± 10.3

47.5 ± 9.9

45.5 ± 10.4

41.6 ± 9.5

47.5 ± 11.8

44.3 ± 11.2

< 0.001

Composite scores

 CAIDE

6.22 ± 1.83

6.16 ± 1.80

6.19 ± 1.87

6.48 ± 2.00

6.00 ± 1.60

6.42 ± 1.87

0.43

 Framingham CVD

14.0 ± 3.6

13.7 ± 3.6

13.8 ± 3.7

15.3 ± 3.3

13.2 ± 3.3

14.7 ± 3.3

< 0.001

 Framingham stroke

9.32 ± 4.04

8.82 ± 3.98

9.33 ± 3.97

11.13 ± 3.66

8.97 ± 3.35

10.55 ± 4.25

< 0.001

  1. Data points represent means ± SDs for continuous variables and percentages for categorical binary variables
  2. *P values are significance levels for one-way ANOVA or chi-squared tests assessing group differences on continuous and categorical binary variables respectively; those in bold survive Bonferroni correction (0.5/21 = 0.024)
  3. Abbreviations: A ß-amyloid pathology, T P-Tau pathology, N neurodegenerative pathology
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193