Decline in cognitively complex everyday activities accelerates along the Alzheimer’s disease continuum

Table 3 Linear mixed model results of change over time in IADL functioning at baseline for amyloid negatives and amyloid positives, divided into the NIA-AA stages

Groups	B	95%CI	P value
Intercepts
Amyloid negative	− 1.48	[− 3.46, 0.31]	—^a
Amyloid positive	− 7.31	[−9.88, − 4.74]	< .001^a
Stage 1	− 0.80	[− 2.64, 1.04]	.631^a
Stage 2	− 1.65	[− 3.48, 0.17]	.005^a
Stage 3	− 4.67	[− 6.43, − 2.92]	< .001^a
Stage 4+	− 9.64	[− 11.41, − 7.88]	< .001^a
Slopes
Amyloid negative	− 0.08	[− 0.28, 0.14]	.453
Amyloid positive	− 0.94	[− 1.20, − 0.69]	< .001
Stage 1	− 0.12	[− 0.37, 0.13]	.342
Stage 2	− 0.32	[− 0.55, − 0.09]	.007
Stage 3	− 1.06	[− 1.27, − 0.85]	< .001
Stage 4+	− 1.93	[− 2.19, − 1.67]	< .001

Shown here are unstandardized betas, adjusted for clustering within study, as well as for baseline age, gender, and years of education. The betas represent Z-score intercepts and yearly change (stage and time × stage interactions). ^aCompared to amyloid-negative group
Abbreviations: IADL instrumental activities of daily living, 95%CI 95% confidence interval

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