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Table 2 Dietary intake and energy expenditure according to diagnosis group

From: Energy intake and expenditure in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: the NUDAD project

 

Controls

MCI

AD dementia

p value

Dietary intake

FFQ, N

96

52

71

 

  Energy (kcal/day)

2022 ± 61

2172 ± 80

1991 ± 71

0.196

  Protein (EN%)

15.2 ± 0.3

15.5 ± 0.4

15.1 ± 0.3

0.688

  Carbohydrate (EN%)

41.4 ± 0.7

41.2 ± 1.0

40.2 ± 0.8

0.572

  Fat (EN%)

34.5 ± 0.6

34.5 ± 0.8

34.2 ± 0.7

0.948

3-day food diary, N

40

22

30

 

  Energy (kcal/day)

2081 ± 71

2042 ± 93

2000 ± 83

0.787

  Protein (EN%)

17.0 ± 0.6

15.8 ± 0.7

15.2 ± 0.6

0.079

  Carbohydrate (EN%)

40.5 ± 1.2

42.6 ± 1.5

42.0 ± 1.4

0.540

  Fat (EN%)

35.0 ± 1.0

36.0 ± 1.3

37.1 ± 1.2

0.424

Energy expenditure

Resting energy expenditure, N

38

22

28

 

Fasted (hours)

14.1 ± 0.3

14.6 ± 0.4

13.7 ± 0.4

0.308

  Oxygen consumption (ml/min)

229 ± 5

257 ± 7a

248 ± 6

0.007

  Carbon dioxide production (ml/min)

184 ± 4

201 ± 6

188 ± 5

0.076

  REE (kcal/day)

1578 ± 34

1762 ± 48a

1691 ± 43a

0.009

  REE (kcal/kg FFM)

30.8 ± 0.7

34.5 ± 0.9a

33.2 ± 0.8

0.007

Physical activity, N

11

10

10

 

  Wear time (min/day)

881.9 ± 23.1

868.5 ± 26.4

869.7 ± 24.5

0.911

  Total (min)

328.5 ± 28.3

358.5 ± 32.3

302.8 ± 30.0

0.505

  Light (min)

305.3 ± 26.4

322.9 ± 30.1

272.0 ± 28.0

0.486

  Low light (min)

223.8 ± 16.5

222.5 ± 19.8

201.5 ± 17.6

0.613

  High light (min)

81.5 ± 15.4

100.4 ± 17.6

70.4 ± 16.3

0.514

  Moderate to vigorous (min)

15.0 [2.9–45.1]

22.7 [4.5–51.0]

25.3 [12.6–54.2]

0.461

  1. Data in mean ± SE; median [interquartile range]; intake: ANOVA adjusted for age, sex, education, and BMI; REE: ANOVA post-hoc Bonferroni adjusted for age, sex, education, and FFM; physical activity: ANOVA adjusted for age, sex, and education
  2. AD Alzheimer’s disease, MCI mild cognitive impairment, FFQ food frequency questionnaire, EN% energy percentage, FFM fat free mass, REE resting energy expenditure
  3. aSignificantly different from controls upon post-hoc testing