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Table 1 Characteristics of total study sample with FFQ available (n = 219) according to diagnosis group

From: Energy intake and expenditure in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: the NUDAD project

 

Controls

MCI

AD dementia

N

 

N

 

N

 

Age (years)

96

61.8 ± 7.0

52

66.9 ± 8.1a

71

67.9 ± 8.2a

Sex, female

96

50 (52.1)

52

22 (42.3)

71

41 (57.7)

MMSE score

96

28.4 ± 1.5

52

26.4 ± 2.3a

71

23.5 ± 3.0a,b

BMI (kg/m2)

96

25.9 ± 4.5

52

25.6 ± 3.6

71

25.1 ± 4.3

FFM (kg)

89

53.0 ± 11.5

44

52.9 ± 9.1

62

50.3 ± 10.2

MNA score

70

24.7 ± 2.2

41

24.5 ± 2.8

52

24.1 ± 2.2

Level of education

96

 

52

 

71

 

 Low

 

1 (1.0)

 

4 (7.7)a

 

4 (5.6)a

 Intermediate

 

36 (37.5)

 

23 (44.2)a

 

36 (50.7)a

 High

 

59 (61.5)

 

25 (48.1)a

 

31 (43.7)a

 Living situation

96

 

52

 

71

 

 With partner/children

 

76 (79.2)

 

45 (86.5)

 

56 (78.9)

 Alone

 

20 (20.8)

 

7 (13.5)

 

15 (21.1)

AD biomarkers

 Aβ42 (pg/ml)

62

963 ± 302

37

849 ± 325

49

595 ± 170a,b

 Tau (pg/ml)

61

355 ± 315

37

518 ± 293

49

784 ± 376a,b

 P-tau (pg/ml)

61

53 ± 32

37

71 ± 30a

49

93 ± 35a,b

  1. Data in mean ± SD; n (%)
  2. AD Alzheimer’s disease, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, FFQ food frequency questionnaire, BMI body mass index, FFM fat free mass, MNA Mini Nutritional Assessment without item on neuropsychological problems, 42 β-amyloid 42, p-tau phosphorylated tau
  3. aSignificantly different from controls upon post-hoc testing
  4. bSignificantly different from MCI upon post-hoc testing