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Table 1 Descriptive measures of the final sample

From: Age and APOE genotype affect the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and power in the alpha band, a marker of brain disease

Variable

Whole sample

YOUNG34 (N = 20)

OLD34 (N = 16)

YOUNG33 (N = 44)

OLD33 (N = 33)

Group comparison

Sex (M; F)

31; 82

4; 16

3; 13

12; 32

12; 21

χ2(3, N = 113) = 2.484, p = 0.482

Age

59.92 ± 7.52

55.05 ± 2.76

66.56 ± 5.67

54.48 ± 2.9

66.91 ± 6.27

Y33 − Y34 : t(62) =  − 0.749, p = 0.478

O33 − O34 : t(47) = 0.187, p = 0.853

Education

4.60 ± 0.62

4.55 ± 0.69

4.8 ± 0.41

4.64 ± 0.57

4.48 ± 0.71

F(3, 108) = 0.987, p = 0.402, η2 = 0.027

MMSE

29.16 ± 0.94

29.25 ± 0.97

29.25 ± 0.86

29.07 ± 0.87

29.18 ± 1.07

F(3, 109) = 0.250, p = 0.861, η2 = 0.007

Depression

1.29 ± 1.39

1.42 ± 1.64

1.27 ± 1.10

1.38 ± 1.41

1.10 ± 1.37

F(3, 100) = 0.288, p = 0.834, η2 = 0.009

Anxiety

1.82 ± 2.12

1.80 ± 2.19

2.11 ± 2.67

1.89 ± 2.14

1.63 ± 1.96

F(3, 96) = 0.140, p = 0.936, η2 = 0.004

BMI

24.98 ± 3.56

24.53 ± 2.74

24.42 ± 3.85

25.53 ± 4.16

24.76 ± 2.98

F(3, 107) = 0.613, p = 0.608, η2 = 0.017

Physical activity

0.012 ± 0.012

0.011 ± 0.010

0.010 ± 0.012

0.015 ± 0.013

0.011 ± 0.012

F(3, 108) = 1.006, p = 0.393, η2 = 0.027

Total gray matter (× 103)

5.73 ± 0.51

5.80 ± 0.40

5.48 ± 0.47

5.87 ± 0.55

5.62 ± 0.48

F(3, 107) = 3.193, p = 0.027, η2 = 0.082

Y33 − O33 (p = 0.028),  Y33 − O34 (p = 0.009)

Precuneus (× 103)

8.46 ± 1.04

8.62 ± 1.06

8.10 ± 0.93

8.82 ± 1.13

8.05 ± 0.75

F(3,107) = 4.706, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.117

Y33 − O33 (p = 0.001), Y33 − O34 (p = 0.014)

Y34 − O33 (p = 0.046)

Hippocampus (×103)

3.71 ± 0.41

3.79 ± 0.39

3.44 ± 0.38

3.83 ± 0.38

3.63 ± 0.40

F(3,107) = 4.610, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.114

Y33 − O33 (p = 0.031), Y33 − O34 (p = 0.001)

Y34 − O33 (p = 0.009)

Episodic memory

24.28 ± 5.13

24.35 ± 4.97

23.09 ± 6.32

24.05 ± 4.78

25.16 ± 5.49

F(3, 96) = 0.466, p = 0.707, η2 = 0.014

Working memory

10.26 ± 2.10

10.37 ± 2.19

10.00 ± 2.31

10.20 ± 1.95

10.39 ± 2.21

F(3, 108) = 0.151, p = 0.929, η2 = 0.004

  1. Mean values ± standard deviation were provided for sample characteristics as well as variables used for correlation analyses. These include the following: sex (where M stands for male and F for female); age (in years); education (in terms of educational level on a 0—illiterate—to 5—postsecondary education—scale); Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); anxiety (Goldberg’s test); depression (Geriatric Depression Scale); body mass index (BMI); total physical activity (TPA, normalized by actigraphy wear time); total gray matter (GM), hippocampal, and precuneal volumes (bilateral average, in mm3); episodic memory (Logical Memory II Index: immediate and delayed recall for gist); and working memory (Digit Span Index: direct and reverse). Results are displayed for the whole sample and also for each subsample of interest (young E3/E4—Y34; old E3/E4—O34; young E3/E3—Y33; and old E3/E3—O33). Chi-squared test was calculated for sex, Student’s t test to compare within age groups, and ANOVAs for the rest of the variables. When significant differences between groups were found, least significant difference post hoc measures were calculated and significant p values are shown and marked in bold. No significant between-group differences arose across most comparisons, except for GM volumes, where older groups presented smaller volumes
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Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1758-9193