Subjective cognitive decline, anxiety symptoms, and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia

Table 2 The risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia based on the presence of anxiety and subjective cognitive decline at baseline (n = 14,066)

Presence of symptoms	No. of MCI and dementia/total (%)	Model 1 (unadjusted)^a		Model 2^b		Model 3^c		Model 4 (final)^d
Presence of symptoms	No. of MCI and dementia/total (%)	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p	HR (95% CI)	p
Anxiety
No	2032/12796 (15.9)	1.0 (Ref)	Ref	1.0 (Ref)	Ref	1.0 (Ref)	Ref	1.0 (Ref)	Ref
Yes	253/1270 (19.9)	1.4 (1.2–1.6)	< 0.001	1.6 (1.4–1.8)	< 0.001	1.5 (1.3–1.7)	< 0.001	1.3 (1.2–1.5)	< 0.001
SCD
No	1445/10257 (14.1)	1.0 (Ref)	Ref	1.0 (Ref)	Ref	1.0 (Ref)	Ref	1.0 (Ref)	Ref
Yes	840/3809 (22.1)	2.0 (1.8–2.2)	< 0.00	2.0 (1.9–2.2)	< 0.001	2.0 (1.8–2.2)	< 0.001	1.9 (1.7–2.1)	< 0.001

SCD subjective cognitive decline, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, Ref reference group
^aCox regression included only anxiety and SCD without covariate adjustment
^bCox regression adjusted for covariates of age, sex, and ethnicity
^cCovariate adjustment as in model 2, with additional adjustment for years of education, APOE e4 status, current smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and Mini-Mental State Examination score
^dCovariate adjustment as in model 3, with additional adjustment for total score on Geriatric Depression Scale, history of depression, use of antidepressants, and use of anxiolytics

ISSN: 1758-9193