Effects of long-term sleep disruption on cognitive function and brain amyloid-β burden: a case-control study

Table 4 Results of cognitive assessment and memory consolidation

Measures		Controls, n = 16	Maritime pilots, n = 19	p value
WMS-IV	LM I	0.16 ± 1.07	− 0.08 ± 0.99	0.49
	LM II	0.29 (− 0.93–1.01)	0.11 (− 0.61–0.83)	0.72
	LM recognition	0.25 ± 1.10	− 0.12 ± 0.94	0.29
RAVLT	Total	− 0.08 (− 0.63–0.61)	0.77 (− 1.14–1.09)	0.41
	Del. recall	− 0.08 ± 0.76	0.06 ± 1.25	0.70
	Del. recognition	− 0.10 ± 1.15	0.21 ± 0.85	0.37
	Sensitivity A’	0.07 (− 0.85–0.82)	0.22 (− 0.30–0.82)	0.41
WAIS-IV	Coding	− 0.10 ± 0.59	0.21 ± 1.26	0.37
WAIS-IV	Digit span	− 0.21 ± 0.62	0.23 ± 1.24	0.21
TMT	Part A	− 0.09 ± 0.75	− 0.06 ± 1.15	0.94
TMT	Part B	− 0.33 (− 0.57–0.75)	− 0.38 (− 0.96–0.50)	0.24
Fluency	D-A-T	0.07 ± 0.89	− 0.29 ± 1.13	0.78
	Animal	0.38 (− 0.88–0.73)	0.20 (− 0.70–0.91)	0.84
	Profession	− 0.26 ± 0.85	0.26 ± 1.13	0.14
BNT	Short version	− 0.11 (− 0.39–0.31)	0.20 (0.10–0.62)	0.02*
TAP evening	Cued	− 0.05 (− 0.72–0.44)	− 0.39 (− 0.91–0.50)	0.37
TAP evening	Un-cued	− 0.05 (− 0.87–0.89)	− 0.17 (− 0.76–0.45)	0.84
TAP morning	Cued	− 0.10 (− 0.50–0.66)	− 0.29 (− 0.71–0.12)	0.27
TAP morning	Un-cued	− 0.13 (− 0.63–1.09)	− 0.40 (− 0.74–0.33)	0.22
Visual recognition—short delay (10 min)	Sensitivity, A’	− 0.27 ± 0.90	0.46 ± 0.58	0.007*
	Hits	− 0.33 (− 1.18–0.15)	0.64 (0.15–0.64)	0.03*
	False alarms	0.19 ± 1.06	− 0.27 ± 0.84	0.16
Memory consolidation—long delay (after sleep)	Sensitivity, A′	− 0.08 ± 0.95	0.35 ± 0.73	0.14
	Hits	0.50 (− 0.21–0.70)	− 0.08 (− 0.69–0.54)	0.20
	False alarms	0.15 ± 0.90	− 0.41 ± 0.76	0.06

Data is shown as mean ± SD (for normally distributed data) or median (IQR) (for not normally distributed data)
Test results are expressed in z-scores. TAP: z-scores are based on median reaction-time. Visual recognition—short-term: assessed approximately 10 min after targets were presented. Memory consolidation after long-term took place after one night of sleep (approximately 10 h)
Abbreviations: WMS Wechsler Memory Scale, LM logical memory, RAVLT Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale, TMT Trail Making test, BNT Boston Naming Test, TAP Test of Attentional Performance
*Significant at p < 0.05

ISSN: 1758-9193