Table 7 Repurposing agents currently in the European Alzheimer’s Disease development pipeline (as of February 27, 2020)
From: Repurposed agents in the Alzheimer’s disease drug development pipeline
Agent name | Phase(s) | Agent mechanism class | Therapeutic purpose under study | Drug class | FDA-approved indication(s) | Therapeutic field | EudraCT ID (Clinicaltrials.gov ID) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALZT-OP1a, ALZT-OP1b (cromolyn with and without ibuprofen) | III | Anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory | Reduce neuronal damage; mast cells may also play a role in amyloid pathology (DMT) | Mast cell stabilizer | Bronchial asthma; mastocytosis | Pulmonary | 2015-002147-34 (NCT02547818) |
Cannabidiol | II | Neurotransmitter-based | Improve neuropsychiatric symptoms (agitation) | Cannabinoid | Seizures (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome) | Neurologic | 2019-002106-52 |
Dronabinol | II | Neurotransmitter-based | Improve neuropsychiatric symptoms (agitation) | Synthetic delta-9-THC | AIDS-associated anorexia; antiemetic for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting | Neurologic | 2011-005289-39* (NCT01608217) 2010-024577-39* (NCT01302340) |
Epoetin alfa | II | Anti-inflammatory, metabolic | Reduce neuronal injury (DMT); improve neuropsychiatric symptoms (depression) | Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent | Anemia (chronic kidney disease, zidovudine treatment, chemotherapy); reduction of red blood cell transfusion | Hematologic-oncologic | 2008-000453-35 |
Levetiracetam | II | Neuroprotective | Reduce amyloid induced neuronal hyperactivity (DMT) | Anticonvulsant | Adjunct therapy for partial-onset seizures; juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures | Neurologic | 2016-003109-32 (NCT03489044) |
Levodopa-Carbidopa | II | Neurotransmitter-based | Enhance dopamine neurotransmission (cognitive enhancer) | Dopamine prodrug | Parkinson’s disease | Neurologic | 2009-011093-15 |
Liraglutide | II | Metabolic | Enhance cell signaling; improve CNS glucose metabolism (DMT) | Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist | Adjunct therapy for type 2 diabetes; risk reduction of major cardiovascular events | Antidiabetic | 2013-000962-13 (NCT01843075) |
Masitinib | III | Anti-inflammatory | Activity on mast cells, modulation of inflammatory processes (DMT) | Selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Mast cell tumor (veterinary) | Hematologic-oncologic | 2010-021218-50 (NCT01872598) |
Rosiglitazone | III | Metabolic | PPAR-gamma agonist (cognitive enhancer) | Thiazolidinedione | Adjunct therapy for type 2 diabetes | Antidiabetic | 2012-002764-27** (NCT00550420) 2006-001403-11* (NCT00348309) 2006-001402-92* (NCT00348140) |
Rotigotine | II | Neurotransmitter-based | Enhance dopamine neurotransmission (cognitive enhancer) | Non-ergoline dopamine agonist | Parkinson’s disease; restless leg syndrome | Neurologic | 2015-002965-43* (NCT03250741) |
Thiethylperazine | II | Anti-amyloid | Activates transport protein ABCC1 and enhances transport amyloid-ß peptides from the brain into the blood (DMT) | Phenothiazine | Nausea/vomiting | Neurologic | 2014-000870-20 (NCT03417986) |