The contribution of vascular risk factors in neurodegenerative disorders: from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease

Table 2 Factors associated with imaging biomarkers of neurodegeneration related to Alzheimer’s disease

Dependent variable	Model	Independent variables	B estimate (95% CI)	Standardized β	P value^b
Hippocampal volume	I-1	Age	− 23.01 (− 28.71~ − 17.30)	− 0.414	< 0.001**
		Gender	96.58 (− 9.99~203.15)	0.099	0.076
		Educational level	− 3.93 (− 15.21~7.35)	− 0.038	0.494
		APOEε4	− 174.78 (− 331.62~ − 17.93)	− 0.114	0.029*
		Dyslipidemia	167.05 (58.20~275.89)	0.159	0.003**
Hippocampal volume	I-2	Age	− 22.67 (− 28.45~ − 16.88)	− 0.408	< 0.001**
		Gender	89.25 (−17.90~196.40)	0.091	0.102
		Educational level	− 1.97 (− 13.24~9.29)	− 0.019	0.731
		APOEε4	− 158.91 (− 316.83~ − 1.00)	− 0.104	0.049*
		Dyslipidemia: Group 3^a	90.55 (9.06~172.04)	0.116	0.030*
White matter hyperintensity	II	Age	0.024 (0.017~0.032)	0.345	< 0.001**
		Gender	− 0.129 (− 0.268~0.010)	− 0.104	0.068
		Educational level	− 0.004 (− 0.019~0.011)	− 0.030	0.601
		APOEε4	0.094 (−0.111~0.299)	0.048	0.4368
		Hypertension	0.174 (0.040~0.309)	0.139	0.011*
		Statin therapy	− 0.236 (− 0.386~ − 0.086)	− 0.167	0.002**

Age, gender, educational level, and APOEε4 carrier status were adjusted as covariates in all linear regression models. Models were built by stepwise selection method with P value of entry = 0.1 and stay = 0.2
Abbreviations: APOE apolipoprotein E, LDL low-density lipoprotein
^aDyslipidemia status was divided into four groups according to disease and treatment status: subjects without dyslipidemia (group 1), subjects with known dyslipidemia and received statin therapy (group 2), subjects with known dyslipidemia and not under medication control (group 3), and subjects unaware of their dyslipidemia status before enrollment (group 4)
^b* = P < 0.05, ** = P < 0.01

ISSN: 1758-9193