The contribution of vascular risk factors in neurodegenerative disorders: from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease

Table 1 Demographics and biomarker profile of enrolled subjects

	Enrolled subjects (N = 295)
Age, years	72.7 ± 8.8
Gender, female %	56%
Educational level, years; median (IQR)	12.0 (6.0–15.0)
MMSE, median (IQR)	27.0 (25.0–28.0)
MCI type, %
Amnestic MCI	83%
Non-amnestic MCI	17%
APOE4 (carrying one or more ε4 allele)	26%
Reported vascular risk factors (no history/under Tx/no Tx)^a, %
Hypertension, %	43/52/4%
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, %	83/16/1%
Dyslipidemia, %	67/20/13%
Smoking, (active smoker/quitted smoker), %	8/8%
Less than 1 pack per day	11%
1–2 packs per day	4%
More than 2 packs per day	1%
Serum lipid profile
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	190.4 ± 38.0
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	112.1 ± 32.9
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	52.2 ± 14.7
Triglyceride, mg/dL	122.0 ± 68.7
HbA1c	6.09 ± 0.88
Fasting plasma glucose	102.0 ± 24.0
Statin use (% in dyslipidemia)	77 (41%)
Current BMI, kg/m²	23.7 ± 4.3
Imaging biomarkers
Average Schelten’s score for MTA	1.62 ± 0.72
Average Fazekas score for WMH	0.90 ± 0.62
Entorhinal cortical thickness, mm	3.102 ± 0.429
Hippocampal volume, mm³	3283 ± 588.3

Data were represented as mean ± SD or percentage (%)
Abbreviations: APOE apolipoprotein E, BMI body mass index, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MTA mesial temporal atrophy, WMH white matter hyperintensity
^aHistory of vascular risk factor profile was derived from a questionnaire and coded into three groups: no history (no history), positive history and with medication control (under Tx), and positive history and without medication control (no Tx)

ISSN: 1758-9193