Association of glial and neuronal degeneration markers with Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid profile and cognitive functions

Table 3 Accuracy in distinguishing between CSF AD and non-AD profiles

	Univariable ROC analyses		Multivariable LASSO logistic regression^b
	AUC	95% CI (AUC)*	Stability selection (%)
CSF measures^a
GFAP (ng/ml)	0.64	0.48–0.79	10
YKL-40 (ng/ml)	0.63	0.47–0.78	18
NFL (ng/ml)	0.62	0.45–0.78	2
S100B (pg/ml)	0.61	0.46–0.77	20
Cognitive domains
Verbal episodic memory
Composite z-score	0.80	0.69–0.92	96^c
RAVLT delayed recall, score	0.80	0.68–0.93	–
Story delayed recall, score	0.75	0.62–0.89	–
RAVLT immediate recall, score	0.74	0.61–0.88	–
RAVLT recognition-fp, score	0.74	0.61–0.87	–
Story immediate recall, score	0.73	0.59–0.86	–
Non-verbal episodic memory
Composite z-score	0.65	0.50–0.81	14
ROCF immediate recall, score	0.66	0.51–0.81	–
ROCF delayed recall, score	0.65	0.49–0.80	–
Executive functions
Composite z-score	0.64	0.49–0.80	16
TMT-B, seconds^a	0.66	0.50–0.81	–
DSST, score^a	0.60	0.44–0.75	–
Stroop 4th/3rd part, seconds^a	0.59	0.43–0.75	–
Language
Composite z-score	0.60	0.44–0.76	4
Verbal fluency animals, score	0.68	0.54–0.83	–
Verbal fluency H+S, score	0.50	0.34–0.66	–
Processing speed
Composite z-score	0.56	0.39–0.72	9
TMT-A, seconds^a	0.60	0.44–0.76	–
Stroop test—part I, seconds^a	0.54	0.38–0.70	–

AUC is the probability that a randomly selected pair of subjects from each CSF profile group is correctly classified
Abbreviations: AD Alzheimer’s disease, AUC area under curve, CI confidence intervals, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, DDST Digit Symbol Substitution Test, fp false positives, LASSO Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, RAVLT Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, ROCF Rey–Osterrieth complex figure, TMT Trail Making Test
*Confidence intervals calculated with DeLong method
^aValues are natural log-transformed
^bLASSO logistic regression model was fitted on 100 subsamples, with different predictors (CSF measures and composite test scores) possibly selected into each model. Numbers present the frequency (%) of each possible predictor selected. The per-family error rate (PFER) was set at 1, and the cut-off value at 75% for stability selection
^cThe composite test for verbal episodic memory was the only measure to have selection frequency above the cut-off value

ISSN: 1758-9193