Fig. 5
From: The dynamics of biomarkers across the clinical spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease
Initial biomarker changes and inflection points. a The estimated time of the initial change of each of the cognitive, CSF and neuroimaging markers. b The time at which the inflection point is reached. Error bars show the 95% CI for the mean, estimated by calculating the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the outputs obtained from 500 bootstrap samples. Only the visits at which CSF Aβ1–42 was measured have been included in the analysis. The plasma markers, PiB-PET and CSF NfL and Ng, have been excluded. Norm HV, normalised hippocampal volume; Norm ECV, normalised entorhinal cortex volume; Norm FGV, normalised fusiform gyrus volume; Norm MTGV, normalised middle temporal gyrus volume; Norm WBV, normalised whole brain volume