Fig. 1

NJK14047 treatment from 6 to 9 months of age reduces phospho-p38 MAPK level and prevents spatial learning memory impairment. a Inhibition of p38 MAPK in the cortex and hippocampus of NJK14047-treated 9-month-old 5XFAD mice. Phospho-p38 protein level was normalized to the total p38 level and shown as mean ± SEM (n = 6 per group, one-way ANOVA). b Morris water maze task between three groups: wild-type, 5XFAD, and 5XFAD + NJK14047. Representative swimming paths during a probe task after 10 days of training and escape latencies of each group for total 10 days of training. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 12–13 per group, GEE analysis). c–e After 10 days of training, a probe task was performed for the mice. c Total swimming distance was measured without significant difference between the 5XFAD and 5XFAD + NJK14047 group. d Time spent in the target quadrant and e the frequency of crossing the target zone during a 60-s probe test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 12–13 per group, one-way ANOVA). ^#P < 0.05 vs. wild type; *P < 0.05 vs. 5XFAD