Variable | Overall sample (n = 12,452) | Participants who did not develop dementia (n = 11,728) | Participants who developed dementia (n = 724) | p valuea |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (IQR; full range) | 72 (67–79; 60–104) | 72 (67–78; 60–104) | 79 (74–84; 60–99) | < 0.001 |
Male sex, n (%) | 4514 (36.3) | 4241 (36.2) | 273 (37.7) | 0.400 |
Ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
White | 9902 (79.5) | 9279 (79.1) | 623 (86.0) | |
African American | 1773 (14.2) | 1696 (14.5) | 77 (10.6) | |
Others/unknown | 777 (6.2) | 753 (6.4) | 24 (3.3) | |
Years of education, median (IQR; full range) | 16 (14–18; 0–29) | 16 (14–18; 0–29) | 16 (12–18; 3–29) | < 0.001 |
APOE e4 genotype, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Two copies of e4 allele | 242 (1.9) | 212 (1.8) | 30 (4.1) | |
One copy of e4 allele | 2528 (20.3) | 2309 (19.7) | 219 (30.2) | |
No e4 allele/unknown | 9682 (77.8) | 9207 (78.5) | 475 (65.6) | |
History of psychiatric diagnosis, n (%) | 3513 (28.2) | 3308 (28.2) | 205 (28.3) | 0.950 |
Use of antidepressants, n (%) | 2278 (18.3) | 2133 (18.2) | 145 (20.0) | 0.210 |
Use of anxiolytics, n (%) | 1436 (11.5) | 1362 (11.6) | 74 (10.2) | 0.260 |
Use of antipsychotics, n (%) | 86 (0.7) | 83 (0.7) | 3 (0.4) | 0.350 |
Presence of NPS, n (%) | ||||
Any NPS | 3941 (31.6) | 3635 (31.0) | 306 (42.3) | < 0.001 |
Depression | 1629 (13.1) | 1488 (12.7) | 141 (19.5) | < 0.001 |
Anxiety | 1107 (8.9) | 1027 (8.8) | 80 (11.0) | 0.035 |
Apathy | 574 (4.6) | 506 (4.3) | 68 (9.4) | < 0.001 |
Sleep | 1306 (10.5) | 1212 (10.3) | 94 (13.0) | 0.024 |
Appetite | 686 (5.5) | 601 (5.1) | 85 (11.7) | < 0.001 |
Agitation | 733 (5.9) | 658 (5.6) | 75 (10.4) | < 0.001 |
Irritability | 1411 (11.3) | 1301 (11.1) | 110 (15.2) | < 0.001 |
Disinhibition | 327 (2.6) | 293 (2.5) | 34 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
Elation | 114 (0.9) | 99 (0.8) | 15 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
Motor disturbance | 160 (1.3) | 143 (1.2) | 17 (2.3) | 0.009 |
Delusions | 97 (0.8) | 78 (0.7) | 19 (2.6) | < 0.001 |
Hallucinations | 41 (0.3) | 35 (0.3) | 6 (0.8) | 0.016 |