From: Relevance of biomarkers across different neurodegenerative diseases
Biomarker | Target | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|---|
Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio | Amyloid-β peptides | Automated platform available for measurements | Difference in values between disease groups too small to be used as a diagnostic tool. Levels can be affected by pattern change from monomer to protofibrils in blood. |
MDS-OAβ | Amyloid-β oligomers | Differentiates AD patients from HC with high sensitivity and specificity, not affected by pattern change in the blood | Poorly validated and limited availability of technology relative to ELISA-based methods |
IIR assay | Amyloid α-helix versus β-sheet form | Detects biophysical properties of pathologic forms of amyloid instead of just concentrations | Poorly validated and limited availability of technology relative to ELISA-based methods |
p-Thr181 tau | Tau peptides | Can accurately predict 11C-PiB PET status | Does not differentiate between tauopathies other than AD |
t-Tau | Tau peptides | Automated platform available for measurements | Large overlap between diagnostic groups |
NfL | White matter damage | Indicates the presence of neurodegeneration; strong correlation with CSF NfL | Increased in multiple neurodegenerative diseases |