From: Relevance of biomarkers across different neurodegenerative diseases
Biomarker | Target | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|---|
Aβ42 | Amyloid-β peptides | Strong correlation with 11C-PiB PET status | Different cutoff values used in different labs |
Aβ40 | Amyloid-β peptides | Added value when combined with Aβ42 | Not a clinically meaningful biomarker in isolation |
Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio | Amyloid-β peptides | Stronger diagnostic and prognostic value than Aβ42 alone | Not yet widely implemented |
Aβ42/Aβ38 ratio | Amyloid-β peptides | Stronger diagnostic and prognostic value than Aβ42 alone | Not yet widely implemented |
t-Tau | Tau peptides | Reasonably sensitive for late-stage AD | Poor specificity, not clinically useful in isolation |
p-Thr181 tau | Tau peptides | Reasonably sensitive for late-stage AD | Poor specificity, not clinically useful in isolation |
NfL | White matter damage | Indicates the presence of neurodegeneration | Increased in multiple neurodegenerative diseases |