Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of patients and controls. ANOVA was used for the comparisons of variables among the five groups
Demographic and clinical data | Subjects/patients | Controls | Total sample (n = 258) (including controls) | F | ANOVA p | Post hoc comparisons | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(2) SCI (n = 54) | (3) MCI (n = 59) | (4) m-AD (n = 56) | (5) ms-AD (n = 48) | (1) CN (n = 41) | |||||
Gender | |||||||||
Male, N (%) | 24 (44.4) | 28 (47.4) | 21 (37.5) | 19 (39.6) | 20 (48) | 112 (43) | |||
Female, N (%) | 30 (55.6) | 31 (52.6) | 35 (62.5) | 29 (60.4) | 21 (52) | 146 (57) | |||
Age, mean ± SD (range) | 64.94 ± 8.75 (44–80) | 67.42 ± 8.43 (44–80) | 69.93 ± 7.27 (55–83) | 71.71 ± 7.19 (53–82) | 67.17 ± 9.83 (44–83) | 68.21 ± 8.55 (44–83) | 5.13 | .001 | 2 < 4,5 |
MMSE score, mean ± SD | 29.11 ± 1.00 (27–30) | 25.85 ± 1.51 (23–29) | 24.45 ± 1.85 (21–27) | 15.40 ± 3.21 (4–20) | 29.20 ± 0.90 (27–30) | 24.81 ± 5.22 (4–30) | 433.98 | .000 | 5 < 4 < 3 < 2,1 |
CSF biomarkers | |||||||||
T-tau (pg/mL) | 253.67 ± 163.87 (92–1117) | 569.59 ± 363.82 (160–1876) | 632.07 ± 243.18 (116–1190) | 744.44 ± 254.34 (222–1245) | 234.22 ± 64.42 (116–402) | 496.26 ± 317.21 (92–1876) | 41.87 | .000 | 1,2 < 3 < 5; 1,2 < 3,4 |
P-tau (pg/mL) | 42.37 ± 23.60 (4–156) | 85.41 ± 49.04 (32–240) | 88.75 ± 35.15 (31–189) | 100.77 ± 45.42 (34–235) | 42.34 ± 11.76 (22–85) | 73.14 ± 43.60 (4–240) | 27.80 | .000 | 1,2 < 3,4,5 |
Aβ42 (pg/mL) | 666.44 ± 257.75 (259–1123) | 320.22 ± 98.76 (132–460) | 275.84 ± 68.42 (82–440) | 270.67 ± 90.95 (123–463) | 854.66 ± 182.15 (582–1197) | 458.76 ± 275.60 (82–1197) | 140.48 | .000 | 5,4,3 < 2 < 1 |
Neuropsychological tests | |||||||||
RAVLT-I score, mean ± SD | 44.31 ± 3.91 (39–54) | 23.27 ± 2.95 (18–28) | 18.30 ± 3.36 (11–23) | 11.54 ± 2.98 (7–16) | 46.20 ± 4.44 (39–53) | 28.06 ± 14.04 (7–54) | 956.40 | .000 | 5 < 4 < 3 < 2,1 |
RAVLT-D score, mean ± SD | 9.87 ± 2.01 (7–14) | 2.80 ± 1.23 (0–4) | 1.57 ± 1.17 (0–4) | 1.25 ± 1.02 (0–3) | 10.46 ± 1.58 (8–13) | 4.94 ± 4.25 (0–14) | 495.32 | .000 | 5,4 < 3 < 2,1 |
Polysomnography | |||||||||
TST (min) | 348.070 ± 79.86 (161.50–580) | 349.37 ± 53.65 (146.5–415) | 318.82 ± 44.16 (220–430) | 252.93 ± 47.77 (149.3–361.8) | 367.22 ± 60.93 (135–444) | 327.36 ± 69.88 (135–580) | 28.19 | .000 | 5 < 4 < 2,3,1 |
SE (%) | 77.80 ± 13.53 (31.5–96.4) | 78.50 ± 10.55 (50.4–94) | 74.4 ± 6.71 (59.4–89) | 67.76 ± 9.21 (36.5–91.5) | 89.15 ± 2.27 (84.3–92.4) | 77.16 ± 11.42 (31.5–96.4) | 29.64 | .000 | 5 < 4,3 < 1; 5 < 2 < 1 |
SL (min) | 23.30 ± 64.62 (0.30–343) | 27.73 ± 36.02 (2–150) | 20.46 ± 16.63 (1–76) | 24.27 ± 23.70 (1–122) | 12.95 ± 6.34 (5–36) | 22.23 ± 36.67 (0.30–343) | 1.07 | .372 | NS |
REML (min) | 119.49 ± 78.97 (40–412) | 135.25 ± 82.13 (12–330) | 179.64 ± 102.92 (12–424) | 143.57 ± 51.32 (27.5–220) | 103.83 ± 16.16 (77–143) | 138.14 ± 79.00 (12–424) | 7.27 | .000 | 1 < 3; 1,2 < 4 |
N1 (%) | 16.07 ± 7.00 (3.8–34) | 21.87 ± 8.18 (7.5–34.6) | 31.05 ± 8.61 (12.2–45.7) | 33.81 ± 11.00 (10.4–64.1) | 15.37 ± 3.35 (10–21) | 23.84 ± 10.95 (3.80–64.1) | 53.50 | .000 | 1,2 < 3 < 4,5 |
N2 (%) | 55.10 ± 7.66 (34–72.6) | 52.12 ± 8.18 (31.8–67) | 51.35 ± 9.41 (31.8–71.7) | 54.67 ± 9.02 (28.10–76) | 50.90 ± 3.45 (44–59) | 52.86 ± 8.11 (28.10–76) | 2.92 | .022 | 3 < 2 |
N3 (%) | 16.29 ± 6.64 (6.5–29.3) | 16.14 ± 5.85 (4–31.4) | 11.18 ± 7.70 (0.80–28.7) | 6.93 ± 5.18 (0–22) | 17.83 ± 1.46 (14–21) | 13.65 ± 7.08 (0–31.4) | 28.11 | .000 | 5 < 4 < 3,2,1 |
REM (%) | 12.56 ± 5.62 (0–25.5) | 9.37 ± 4.99 (0–20) | 6.41 ± 3.94 (0.80–16) | 4.60 ± 3.69 (0–12.20) | 15.90 ± 2.96 (11–22) | 9.54 ± 5.86 (0–25.5) | 49.41 | .000 | 5 < 4 < 3 < 2 < 1 |
WASO (min) | 99.48 ± 67.54 (17.5–351.2) | 78.54 ± 56.61 (− 69.19–221) | 92.26 ± 42.82 (− 8.52–193.45) | 97.63 ± 47.88 (4.74–240.72) | 31.95 ± 12.42 (3.74–53.23) | 82.05 ± 55.09 (− 69.19–351.20) | 13.54 | .000 | 1 < 3,4,5,2 |
TIB | 451.31 ± 103.92 (274–964) | 446.22 ± 51.35 (290–7-600) | 431.55 ± 66.51 (269–573.33) | 374.83 ± 58.69 (239–498) | 412.13 ± 67.27 (146.7–498.9) | 425.40 ± 76.53 (146.7–964.15) | 9.35 | .000 | 5 < 2; 5 < 3; 5 < 4 |