Table 1 Lifestyle interventions recommended for MCI based on expert opinion
From: Souvenaid in the management of mild cognitive impairment: an expert consensus opinion
| Intervention | Recommendation | Degree of confidence* |
|---|---|---|
| Medical | • Ensure blood pressure is optimal [34] | +++ |
| • Ensure body mass index (BMI) is optimal [35] | ++ | |
| • Ensure cholesterol level is optimal [36] | + | |
| • Ensure no undiagnosed diabetes or if diabetic ensure control is optimal for age [37] | + | |
| • Review medicines and assess for anticholinergic burden [38] | + | |
| • Ensure hearing loss is addressed [3] | + | |
| • Adopt practices to avoid head injury (use helmets, avoid unprotected contact sports) [39] | ||
| Lifestyle | • Advise smoking reduction and cessation support [40] | +++ |
| • Advise limiting alcohol intake in line with currently accepted guidelines [41] | ++ | |
| • Encourage physical activity and exercise [32, 33, 42] | +++ | |
| • Protect against head injury [39] | + | |
| • Encourage brain fitness activities and social connectedness | ||
| • Promote good sleep patterns and adequate sleep time | ||
| Psychosocial | • Adequately treat depression and anxiety [43] | +++ |
| • Advise on methods of cognitive training [44] | ++ | |
| • Recommend opportunities for increasing social engagement [45] | + | |
| • Reduce stress | ||
| Nutritional | • Advise on dietary principles around maintaining general health [4] | ++ |
| • Encourage adherence to diets with some evidence of benefit, such as Mediterranean, MIND, and DASH [46] | +++ | |
| • Recommend evidence-based nutritional supplements, such as Souvenaid, are considered [9] | +++ |