Visual hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease do not seem to be associated with chronic hypoperfusion of to visual processing areas V2 and V3 but may be associated with reduced cholinergic input to these areas

Sinclair, Lindsey Isla; Kumar, Amit; Darreh-Shori, Taher; Love, Seth

doi:10.1186/s13195-019-0519-7

Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Table 3 Results of the cholinergic system ELISAs carried out in this study

From: Visual hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease do not seem to be associated with chronic hypoperfusion of to visual processing areas V2 and V3 but may be associated with reduced cholinergic input to these areas

	AD with visual hallucinations, n = 23		AD without visual hallucinations, n = 19		Dementia with Lewy bodies, n = 19		Controls, n = 36		Statistical findings	p with age as covariate	Statistics with controls with no Psych Hx or CVAs
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
AChE concentration in BA18 (ng/ml)	28.823	14.693	42.551	47.023	31.811	24.617	45.924	29.15	ANOVA p = 0.170	p = 0.169	p = 0.174
AChE activity in BA18 (nmol/min/mg)	2.504	0.746	2.833	1.102	2.597	1.47	5.09	4.297	Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.0001, χ² = 24.415		Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.012, χ² = 10.984
AChE concentration in BA19 (ng/ml)	38.412	19.008	51.382	28.809	33.193	21.513	60.627	32.241	p = 0.002	p = 0.002	p = 0.011
AChE activity in BA19 (nmol/min/mg)	2.825	1.429	3.064	1.774	3.11	1.248	5.752	1.948	Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.0001, χ² = 35.2		Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.001, χ² = 16.506
BChE concentration in BA18 (ng/ml)	4.123	4.269	3.944	4.054	2.745	3.181	3.397	3.417	Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.819, χ² = 0.927		p = 0.739
BChE activity in BA18 (nmol/min/mg)	3.482	1.052	3.623	1.844	3.13	1.629	3.757	2.64	ANOVA p = 0.652	p = 0.603	p = 0.554
BChE concentration in BA19 (ng/ml)	7.798	7.298	5.481	2.786	6.34	7.804	6.783	5.102	Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.779, χ² = 1.097		Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.573, χ² = 1.995
BChE activity in BA19 (nmol/min/mg)	3.842	2.402	3.479	1.618	4.121	2.136	3.932	1.806	Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.749, χ² = 1.213		Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.859, χ² = 0.762
ChAT activity in BA18 (pmol/min/mg)	1.092	0.791	1.333	0.896	1.1	0.545	1.35	1.11	ANOVA p = 0.709	p = 0.829	p = 0.150
ChAT activity in BA19 (pmol/min/mg)	5.574	10.948	2.174	3.443	2.433	2.533	1.28	1.021	Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.646, χ² = 1.658		Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.723, χ² = 1.326

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