Prevalence and risk of progression of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease stages: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Rates of clinical progression across NIA-AA preclinical AD stages

Reference	Cohort	Group	N	Clinical progression	Mean follow-up (years)	Stage 0, % (n progr/n tot)	Stage 1, % (n progr/n tot)	Stage 2, % (n progr/n tot)	Stage 3, % (n progr/n tot)
Eckerström et al., 2017 [72]	Gothenburg MCI Study	CN	113	Cognitive decline–dementia^a	4	28% (13/46)	50% (5/10)	81% (17/21)	100% (6/6)
Edmonds et al., 2015 [11]	ADNI	CN	570	MCI–dementia^b	2.7	18% (25/142)	21% (10/48)	37% (64/173)	90% (45/50)
Knopman et al., 2012 [73]	MCSA	CN	296	MCI–dementia^b	1.3	5% (6/127)	11% (5/44)	21% (8/39)	43% (3/7)
Soldan et al., 2016 [26]	BIOCARD	CN	222	MCI–dementia^b	10.4	18% (18/102)	^19.520% (9/46)	54% (15/28)	Not specifically addressed
Van Harten et al., 2013 [95]	Amsterdam Dementia Cohort	SMC	132	MCI–dementia^b	1.5	3% (2/80)	18% (2/11)	60% (6/10)	Not specifically addressed
Vos et al., 2013 [62]	WU-ADRC	CN	311	MCI^c	3.4	2% (2/129)	13% (6/47)	25% (9/36)	54% (7/13)

AD Alzheimer’s disease, ADNI Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, BIOCARD Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline Among Normal Individuals, CN cognitively normal, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MCSA Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, NIA-AA National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer’s Association, SMC subjective memory complaints, n progr/n tot number progressed/total number, WU-ADRC Washington University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center
^aCognitive decline outcome defined as decline in neuropsychological test results or to clinical dementia (using Global Deterioration Scale and criteria for dementia), at follow-up
^bProgression to diagnosis of MCI and dementia due to AD (NIA-AA criteria)
^cProgression to Clinical Dementia Rating Scale of at least 0.5 (MCI), symptomatic AD (score of at least 0.5 for memory and at least one other domain and cognitive impairments deemed to be due to AD)

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