Skip to main content

Table 2 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics by region

From: Insights into globalization: comparison of patient characteristics and disease progression among geographic regions in a multinational Alzheimer’s disease clinical program

 

Eastern Europe/Turkey (n = 759)

Western Europe/Israel (n = 709)

USA/Canada (n = 444)

South America/Mexico (n = 361)

Asia (n = 134)

Australia/South Africa (n = 99)

p value across all regions

Demographics

Age (years), mean (SD)

74.4 (8.2)

73.6 (8.0)

74.3 (9.6)

74.3 (7.7)

73.3 (7.8)

73.9 (7.8)

0.33

Female, n (%)

493 (65.0)

449 (63.3)

266 (59.9)

237 (65.7)

87 (64.9)

59 (59.6)

0.46

Height (m), mean (SD)

1.63 (0.09)

1.63 (0.10)

1.64 (0.10)

1.59 (0.09)

1.57 (0.09)

1.63 (0.09)

< 0.0001

Weight (kg), mean (SD)

69.8 (13.2)

67.9 (12.7)

71.6 (15.0)

67.3 (12.2)

57.6 (9.5)

71.9 (15.3)

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)

26.1 (4.2)

25.6 (4.0)

26.6 (4.9)

26.5 (4.1)

23.4 (3.0)

26.8 (4.8)

< 0.0001

Education (years), mean (SD)

12.0 (3.3)

10.2 (4.1)

13.4 (3.3)

9.2 (4.3)

9.6 (5.0)

11.5 (3.0)

< 0.0001

Marital status, n (%)

      

< 0.0001

 Married/with partner

442 (58.2)

531 (74.9)

294 (66.2)

218 (60.4)

104 (77.6)

74 (74.7)

 

 Widowed

266 (35.0)

131 (18.5)

94 (21.2)

104 (28.8)

22 (16.4)

14 (14.1)

 

 Divorced/separated

36 (4.7)

27 (3.8)

38 (8.6)

23 (6.4)

7 (5.2)

8 (8.1)

 

 Single

15 (2.0)

20 (2.8)

18 (4.1)

16 (4.4)

1 (0.7)

3 (3.0)

 

Caregiver, n (%)

      

< 0.0001

 Spouse/partner

316 (41.6)

464 (65.4)

257 (57.9)

149 (41.3)

74 (55.2)

62 (62.6)

 

 Child

333 (43.9)

184 (26.0)

119 (26.8)

164 (45.4)

52 (38.8)

23 (23.2)

 

 Sibling

14 (1.8)

22 (3.1)

16 (3.6)

9 (2.5)

2 (1.5)

1 (1.0)

 

 Other family member

54 (7.1)

18 (2.5)

12 (2.7)

17 (4.7)

6 (4.5)

2 (2.0)

 

 Friend

33 (4.3)

14 (2.0)

27 (6.1)

10 (2.8)

0 (0.0)

8 (8.1)

 

 Other

9 (1.2)

6 (0.8)a

13 (2.9)

12 (3.3)

0 (0.0)

2 (2.0)a

 

APOE ε4 carrier, n/N (%)b

405/745 (54.4)

439/696 (63.1)

239/428 (55.8)

196/342 (57.3)

69/134 (51.5)

75/93 (80.6)

< 0.0001

MMSE (screening), mean (SD)

18.0 (2.9)

17.1 (2.9)

17.5 (3.0)

17.0 (3.0)

16.9 (2.9)

17.1 (3.0)

< 0.0001

MMSE (baseline), mean (SD)

18.4 (2.9)

17.8 (3.3)

18.4 (3.3)

17.8 (3.0)

17.6 (3.2)

17.9 (3.3)

0.0003

MMSE (change from screening to baseline), mean (SD)

0.5 (1.9)

0.7 (2.2)

0.9 (2.3)

0.9 (2.1)

0.7 (2.7)

0.9 (2.3)

0.010

Clinical characteristics

Time since AD diagnosis (years), median (IQR)

1.30 (0.75–2.49)

1.58 (0.89–2.82)

1.90 (0.87–3.61)

2.02 (1.12–3.39)

1.39 (0.68–2.92)

2.20 (1.25–3.66)

< 0.0001

Prestudy treatment duration (years), median (IQR)

1.00 (0.62–1.82)

1.11 (0.65–2.05)

1.31 (0.69–2.68)

1.07 (0.67–1.70)

1.05 (0.58–2.29)

1.26 (0.65–2.42)

< 0.0001

Previously treated with a ChEI other than donepezil,c n (%)

18 (2.4)

55 (7.8)

28 (6.3)

24 (6.6)

9 (6.7)

5 (5.1)

< 0.0001

Previously treated with memantine, n (%)

57 (7.5)

38 (5.4)

89 (20.0)

65 (18.0)

11 (8.2)

1 (1.0)

< 0.0001

Clinical rating scale scores, mean (SD)

ADAS-Cog

25.9 (8.6)

26.7 (7.9)

24.3 (7.8)

27.2 (8.0)

25.7 (7.1)

25.3 (8.8)

< 0.0001

ADCS-CGIC

3.9 (0.8)

3.9 (0.7)

3.8 (0.7)

3.6 (0.6)

3.7 (0.8)

3.8 (0.7)

< 0.0001

ADCS-ADL23

53.5 (13.7)

56.3 (12.9)

58.5 (12.5)

54.5 (13.2)

57.7 (10.8)

56.1 (12.1)

< 0.0001

NPI

10.1 (11.6)

10.1 (10.8)

10.2 (11.6)

10.6 (13.4)

7.2 (7.7)

11.7 (12.9)

0.11

  1. AD Alzheimer’s disease, ADAS-Cog Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale—Cognitive subscale, ADCS-ADL23 Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study—Activities of Daily Living, 23-item version, ADCS-CGIC Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study—Clinical Global Impression of Change, APOE apolipoprotein E, BMI body mass index, ChEI cholinesterase inhibitor, IQR interquartile range, MMSE Mini–Mental State Examination, NPI Neuropsychiatric Inventory, SD standard deviation
  2. aNot reported for an additional one patient in this region
  3. bNumber of APOE ε4 carriers/total number of patients with an APOE ε4 measurement
  4. cDonepezil-treated patients only