Table 2 Prediction of cognitive decline using amyloid PET in cognitively normal subjects

Donohue et al., 2017 [40]

ADNI

N = 445

Median 3.1 years

Various tracers or CSF

Aβ+: worse mean scores after 4 years on Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite score, MMSE and CDR-SB.

Petersen et al., 2016 [39]

Mayo Clinic Study of Aging

N = 564

Median 2.5 years

PiB

Aβ+: increased rate of cognitive decline in various cognitive domains and progression to MCI.

Vemuri et al., 2015 [38]

Mayo Clinic Study of Aging

N = 393

Mean 2.7 years

PiB

Aβ+: increased rate of cognitive decline compared to Aβ–.

Lim et al., 2012 [34]

AIBL

N = 141

18 months

PiB

Aβ+: greater cognitive decline on working memory and verbal and visual episodic memory.

Lim et al., 2014 [35, 73]

AIBL

N = 320

36 months

Various tracers

Aβ+: greater cognitive decline on verbal and visual episodic memory.

Rowe et al., 2013 [41]

AIBL

N = 183

36 months

PiB

Aβ+: predictor of progression to MCI/dementia (OR 4.8).

Kawas et al., 2013 [36]

90+ study

N = 13

Median 1.5 years

Florbetapir

Aβ+: steeper declines on most cognitive tests, particularly global cognitive measures.

Doraiswamy et al., 2014 [37]

AV45-A11 study.

Multi-site, USA

N = 69

36 months

Florbetapir

Aβ+: greater decline on ADAS-Cog, digit-symbol-substitution test, verbal fluency test and CDR-SB.

Villemagne et al., 2011 [147]

Austin Health Memory Disorder Clinic and Melbourne Aging Study

N = 32

Mean 20 months

PiB

Aβ high: 16% conversion rate to MCI by 20 months

Aβ high: 25% conversion rate to MCI by 3 years

Aβ low: 1 subject developed MCI

Storandt et al., 2009 [31]

Washington University ADRC

N = 135

Up to 19 years. pre-PET

PiB

Increased cognitive decline in episodic and working memory in amyloid positive subjects (cognition measured before PET scan).

Morris et al., 2009 [30]

Washington University

N = 159

Mean 2.4 years

PiB

Higher mean cortical binding potential values predicted progression to AD (HR 4.85, 1.22–19.01).

Mormino et al., 2014 [46]

Harvard Aging Brain Study

N = 166

Median 2.1 years

PiB

Cognitive decline over time was observed only in cognitively healthy individuals who were Aβ+ and had evidence of neurodegeneration.

Resnick et al., 2010 [32]

Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

N = 57

Mean 10.8 years

PiB

Aβ high: greater decline in mental status and verbal learning and memory, but not visual memory. Significant associations in frontal and lateral temporal regions.