Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Table 10 Age-, gender-, and education-specific reference values for cognitive tests

From: Patterns of cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults—findings from the EMCOA study

		Education level
		Elementary school		Junior middle school		Senior middle school		College and above
	Age	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women
MMSE	50–54	24	24	25	25	25	25	26	26
	55–59	24	24	25	25	25	25	26	26
	60–64	24	24	25	25	25	25	26	26
	65–70	24	24	25	25	25	25	26	26
MoCA	50–54	18	18	20	20	21	21	22	23
	55–59	18	17	20	19	21	21	22	22
	60–64	18	17	20	19	21	20	22	22
	65–70	18	17	20	19	21	20	22	22
AVLT-IR	50–54	6	7	8	8	9	10	10	12
	55–59	6	6	7	8	8	10	10	11
	60–64	5	6	7	8	8	9	9	11
	65–70	5	5	6	7	8	9	9	11
AVLT-SR	50–54	1	1	1	2	2	3	3	4
	55–59	1	1	1	2	2	2	2	3
	60–64	0	1	1	1	1	2	2	3
	65–70	0	0	1	1	1	2	2	3
AVLT-LR	50–54	0	0	0	1	1	2	2	3
	55–59	0	0	0	1	1	1	2	2
	60–64	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2
	65–70	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	2
SDMT	50–54	13	12	19	19	22	25	26	31
	55–59	12	10	17	18	20	23	24	30
	60–64	11	9	15	16	19	22	23	28
	65–70	10	7	14	15	17	20	21	26
DSF	50–54	5	5	6	6	6	6	6	6
	55–59	5	5	5	5	6	6	6	6
	60–64	5	5	5	5	6	6	6	6
	65–70	5	5	5	5	6	6	6	6
DSB	50–54	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	3
	55–59	2	2	2	2	2	2	3	3
	60–64	2	1	2	2	2	2	3	3
	65–70	2	1	2	2	2	2	3	3
TMT-A	50–54	110	123	100	108	95	97	88	84
	55–59	113	129	106	113	100	102	93	89
	60–64	116	130	109	116	103	105	97	92
	65–70	117	133	110	118	105	107	98	94
TMT-B	50–54	281	305	258	269	245	242	229	210
	55–59	281	316	263	278	250	251	235	219
	60–64	284	321	268	287	254	259	239	229
	65–70	288	332	213	296	259	269	244	239
LMT-IR	50–54	1	0	3	2	5	4	7	7
	55–59	2	0.5	3	2	5	4	7	7
	60–64	2	0	3	2	5	4	7	7
	65–70	2	0.5	3	2	5	4	7	7
SCWT-IT	50–54	78	67	86	75	82	74	69	67
	55–59	83	67	89	78	85	78	75	72
	60–64	86	70	92	80	89	81	79	76
	65–70	89	71	96	83	94	85	86	82

Age-, gender-, and education-specific reference values were defined as 1.5 times root mean square error (RMSE) under the mean of normative score for MMSE, MoCA, AVLT-IR, AVLT-SR, AVLT-LR, SDMT, DSF, DSB, and LMT-IR, and 1.5 times RMSE above the mean of normative score for TMT-A, TMT-B, and SCWT-IT
AVLT-IR Auditory Verbal Learning Test—immediate recall, AVLT-LR Auditory Verbal Learning Test—long recall, AVLT-SR Auditory Verbal Learning Test—short recall, DSB digit span backwards, DSF digit span forwards, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, SCWT-IT Stroop Color-Word Test Interference Trial, SDMT Symbol Digit Modalities Test, TMT Trail Making Test, LMT-IR Logical Memory Test—immediate recall

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ISSN: 1758-9193

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