Fig. 1

Linear effects of functional connectivity on memory decline over time per group. The effect of baseline functional connectivity between networks on memory performance over time was investigated in three network pairs in all groups. Functional connectivity values were standardized to ensure that the mean reflects a z-value of 0. Red, green, and blue lines indicate the estimated marginal means for the moderation by negative (–1 standard deviation (SD)), positive (+1 SD), and no (mean) correlation between networks, respectively, but the analyses were performed using functional connectivity measures continuously. Network combinations from top to bottom: DMN-DAN, DMN-SN, and DMN-FPN. The DMN is shown in dark blue, the DAN in green, the SN in yellow, and the FPN in light blue. The brain images give a superior viewpoint of the brain; top = anterior, L = left, R = right, bottom = posterior. The AD group only had a maximum follow-up time of 2 years (Table 1). All p values are corrected for multiple comparisons using FDR. Significant effects are indicated by an asterisk and bold font. a DMN-DAN: significant effects were found in the cognitively normal and MCI⁺ groups. b DMN-SN: significant effects were found in the cognitively normal and MCI⁺ groups. c DMN-FPN: no significant effects were found for this network pair