Fig. 2

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) activates dendritic cells (DCs) from aged subjects which prime CD4 T cells to secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Aβ42 peptide (pep)-, Aβ fibril (fib)-, and tau protein-exposed DCs from aged and young subjects were cultured with purified CD4 T cells for 6 days. Bar graphs depict the level of the cytokines TNF-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-10 in the supernatants after 6 days as determined by specific ELISA. Results are shown as mean ± SEM of 14 different aged and 14 different young subjects. p values are based on two-tailed, parametric paired t tests with 95% confidence interval. Comparison of stimulated DCs in each group was performed against the control of the same age group