Controls | nfvPPA | svPPA | lvPPA | tAD | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main sine-wave effect | |||||
Numbers (total possible score of 120) | 112.4 (6.1) | 53.1 (39.2) a | 107.9 (9.2) | 57.6 (45.8) a | 98.4 (8.9) |
Place names (total possible score of 40) | 35.4 (2.8) | 21.9 (11.4) | 25.3 (4.4) | 19.9 (11.7) | 28.1 (5.6) |
Near − far place names | 2.4 (3.2)b | 6.7 (4.3) b | 7.1 (2.4) b | 6.1 (2.8) b | 6.7 (3.5) b |
Numbers > places | 0.05 (0.1)c | − 0.10 (0.2) | 0.27 (0.1) c,d | − 0.02 (0.2) | 0.12 (0.1)c |
Perceptual learning effect | |||||
Numbers | 2.1 (3.2)b | 3.1 (3.6)b | 4.3 (3.5)b | 3.7 (3.7)b | 6.2 (6.3)b |
Repeat − novel numbers | 0.3 (2.1) | 1.7 (3.3) | 0.3 (2.6) | − 0.1 (1.6) | − 0.3 (1.6) |
Place names | 0.6 (1.2)e | 2.2 (2.5)e | 1.3 (3.4) | 1.9 (2.3)e | − 0.1 (2.2) |
Control tasks | |||||
Natural speech numbers (total possible score of 30) | 29.9 (0.2) | 21.1 (9.4) | 30.0 (0.0) | 22.1 (7.8) | 29.8 (0.4) |
Natural speech place names (total possible score of 16) | 16.0 (0.0) | 14.7 (0.6) | 15.9 (0.1) | 14.1 (0.9) | 16.0 (0.0) |
Geographical knowledge (total possible score of 80) | 79.9 (0.3) | 75.8 (6.4) | 70.6 (12.0) d | 73.1 (6.4) | 75.6 (3.2) |
Near − far place names | 0.12 (0.3) | − 1.11 (3.4) | 4.0 (3.9) b | 2.57 (2.2)b | 0.2 (4.1) |