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Fig. 5 | Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Fig. 5

From: Immunotherapy to improve cognition and reduce pathological species in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Fig. 5

TWF9 improves performance in behavioral tests in an AD mouse model. a Schedule of immunization, motor, and behavioral testing. 3xTg- AD mice (18–22 months) and NTg mice (16 months) were assessed after intraperitoneal administration of 4 mg/kg (~ 100 μg per 25 g mouse) TWF9 biweekly for 2 weeks before the start of behavioral testing. Injections continued for the duration of the behavioral testing, which lasted 2 weeks. b Grip strength measured on all four paws of each mouse. Results are shown as the mean of four consecutive trials. Data are shown as peak force (g) exerted on grid divided by weight ± SD. c Average velocity (cm/s) of mice in open field arena for 15 min ± SD. d Spatial learning and memory testing in Barnes maze. Latency(s) to locate the escape hole is plotted. Trials ended when animals found the escape box or 300 s had elapsed. Differences between groups and effects over time were analyzed. One guided (inverted beaker) training session was conducted the day before the first trial. Two trials per day were conducted over the course of 5 days. Data shown for all animals; n = 11 for transgenic (Tg) treated (Tx), n = 12 for Tg saline, n = 11 for nontransgenic (NTg) Tx, n = 9 for NTg saline. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. Day effect: ****p < 0.0001; treatment effect: *p < 0.05; interaction: *p < 0.05 by two-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Tg Tx vs Tg Saline (main treatment effect): p = 0.05. e Novel object recognition was tested in half the mice in two arms of a Y-maze. n = 7 for Tg Tx; n = 7 for Tg saline; n = 5 for NTg Tx; n = 2 for NTg saline. Time spent in the arm with the novel object compared to time spent in both arms is plotted as the preference index (*p < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). Data represent the mean ± SD. Quantification of preference index for Tg saline vs Tg Tx (**p < 0.01) and Tg saline vs NTg Tx (*p < 0.05)

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