Fig. 2

TWF9 preferentially labels neurons in AD brain tissue. a Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cases stained with TWF9 (green) and counterstained with the nuclear marker Hoechst (blue). Immunostaining in AD and MCI tissue reveals TWF9 preferentially labels neurons. There are intercase differences in TWF9 immunoreactivity between AD and MCI cases. In AD#1 and MCI#1, TWF9 equally labels both the nucleus and cytoplasm in various neurons. TWF9 predominantly labels the nucleus in AD#3, and the cytoplasm in MCI#2 and AD#2. The scale bars located in the higher magnification inserts are 50 μm. b Representative images of TWF9 immunostaining in AD, MCI, and nondemented age-matched controls. c Quantification of fluorescent immunostaining with TWF9 in AD, MCI, and nondemented age-matched controls. Case breakdown is detailed in the Methods section. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, AD vs nondemented age-matched control by one-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s post-hoc multiple comparison analysis. neg ctrl negative control