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Table 9 Normal cognition and aMCI group demographics and TorCA indices comparisons

From: The Toronto Cognitive Assessment (TorCA): normative data and validation to detect amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Group demographics

NC

aMCI

 

 N

57

50

 

 Male/female

19/38

27/23

χ2 = 4.6

p = 0.031

 Age, mean (SD)

75.3 (7.9)

77.7 (6.5)

t(105) = 1.68

p = 0.097

 Years of education, mean (SD)

15.02 (3.2)

15.5 (3.4)

t(105) = 0.72

p = 0.47

 IQ, mean (SD)

122.32 (13.61)

121.33 (13.98)

t(97) = 0.36

p = 0.72

TorCA index group comparisons

NC (SD)

aMCI (SD)

t(105) (p value*)

Effect size, Hedge’s g (95% CI)

 Orientation

11.58 (0.76)

10.38 (1.69)

4.84

(0.0001)

− 0.93

(− 1.33, − 0.53)

 Memory—Immediate Recall

20.77 (4.45)

14.18 (3.29)

8.62

(0.0001)

− 1.66

(− 2.10, − 1.22)

 Memory—Delayed Recall

16.86 (4.85)

6.66 (4.65)

11.07

(0.0001)

− 2.13

(− 2.60, − 1.65)

 Memory—Delayed Recognition

20.19 (1.33)

17.42 (2.42)

7.45

(0.0001)

−1.43

(− 1.86, − 1.01)

 Visuospatial

29.79 (1.80)

30.02 (2.16)

0.602

(0.549)

0.12

(− 0.26, 0.50)

 Working Memory/Attention/Executive Control

108.47 (10.30)

107.34 (8.17)

0.625

(0.534)

− 0.12

(− 0.50, 0.26)

 Language

80.16 (8.34)

76.90 (6.23)

2.26

(0.026)

− 0.42

(− 0.81, − 0.04)

 Sum

287.82 (23.92)

262.86 (17.63)

6.07

(0.0001)

− 1.17

(− 1.58, − 0.76)

  1. aMCI amnestic mild cognitive impairment, CI confidence interval, NC normal cognition, SD standard deviation, TorCA Toronto Cognitive Assessment
  2. *Significance tests corrected for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction at p ≤ 0.05/7 (0.007)