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Table 10 Group differences on selected Toronto Cognitive Assessment subtests

From: The Toronto Cognitive Assessment (TorCA): normative data and validation to detect amnestic mild cognitive impairment

Subtest

aMCI (SD)

NC (SD)

p value*

Effect size, Hedge’s g (95% CI)

Word List Learning Trials Total

14.2 (3.3)

20.8 (4.4)

0.001*

− 1.66

(− 2.10, − 1.22}

Word List Delayed Recall Total

1.6 (1.5)

6.0 (2.5)

0.001*

− 2.07

(− 2.54, − 1.60)

Word List Delayed Recognition Total

16.7 (2.2)

19.3 (1.3)

0.001*

− 1.40

(− 1.82, − 0.98)

Benson Figure Delayed Recall Total

5.0 (3.9)

11.0 (3.2)

0.001*

− 1.71

(− 2.15, − 1.26)

Clock Drawing Total

14.3 (1.8)

14.1 (1.3)

0.53

0.12

(− 0.26, 0.50)

Benson Figure Copy Total

15.8 (1.1)

15.7 (1.2)

0.85

0.03

(− 0.34, 0.41)

Digit Span Total

11.6 (2.1)

12.0 (2.0)

0.39

− 0.16

(− 0.54, 0.22)

Serial Subtractions Total

24.1 (2.5)

24.4 (3.0)

0.59

− 0.10

(− 0.48, 0.28)

Trail Making A Time to Completion (sec)

56.1 (15.5)

47.2 (19.4)

0.01

0.51

(0.12, 0.89)

Trail Making B Time to Completion (sec)

135.4 (54.0)

102.4 (55.6)

0.002*

0.60

(0.21, 0.99)

Verbal Fluency—F words Total

14.6 (4.5)

14.7 (3.8)

0.99

0.00

(− 0.38, 0.38)

Verbal Fluency—Animals Total

15.0 (4.3)

18.6 (5.1)

0.001*

− 0.76

(− 1.15, − 0.37)

MINT Naming Total

13.8 (1.3)

13.9 (2.2)

0.71

− 0.07

(− 0.45, 0.31)

  1. aMCI amnestic mild cognitive impairment, CI confidence interval, NC normal cognition, SD standard deviation
  2. *Significance tests corrected for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction at p ≤ 0.05/13 (0.0038)