Effects of lifetime cumulative ginseng intake on cognitive function in late life

Table 4 Impact of cumulative ginseng intake on cognitive trajectory over 4 years

	CERAD total score (N = 3084)^a			F value	p value^b	MMSE-DS (N = 3080)^c			F value	p value^b
	Baseline	2-year	4-year			Baseline	2-year	4-year
Ginseng				1.062	0.346				0.223	0.800
No use	64.9 ± 12.2	65.8 ± 13.4	66.1 ± 14.3			26.3 ± 3.1	26.2 ± 3.4	26.3 ± 3.5
Low use (< 5 years)	68.0 ± 10.9	69.4 ± 11.6	69.5 ± 12.0			27.0 ± 2.4	27.0 ± 2.5	27.0 ± 3.0
High use (≥ 5 years)	70.3 ± 10.3	70.9 ± 10.3	70.5 ± 11.0			27.2 ± 1.8	27.5 ± 2.0	27.1 ± 2.2
time				58.002	< 0.001				20.165	< 0.001
Group × time				1.653	0.159				0.667	0.613

Data shown as mean ± standard deviation
CERAD Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease, MMSE-DS Mini-Mental State Examination for dementia screening
^a719 from 3803 subjects excluded due to missing values of covariates
^bp value in repeated-measures analysis of covariance model adjusting for age, sex, years of education, socioeconomic status, body mass index, smoking (pack-years), alcohol intake (units for lifetime), presence of hypertension, stroke history, Korean version of geriatric depression scale, cumulative illness rating scale, presence of APOE e4 allele, and ginseng intake amount during 4 years
^c728 from 3808 subjects excluded due to missing values of covariates

ISSN: 1758-9193