| |
Controls (n = 66)
|
AD-dementia(n = 168)
|
MCI total(n = 197)
|
MCI-St(n = 74)
|
MCI-AD(n = 70)
|
|---|
|
Gender (M/F)
|
27/39
|
56/112
|
68/127
|
25/49
|
26/44
|
|
Age (years)
|
58.8 ± 11.9
|
68.1 ± 8.8***
|
67.1 ± 9.4***
|
65.2 ± 9.3*
|
71.0 ± 8.0***,§§
|
|
Age onset (years)
| |
64.6 ± 8.7
|
64.2 ± 9.3
|
60.5 ± 9.4
|
68.8 ± 7.7γ,§§§
|
|
Education (years)
| |
5.5 ± 4.0
|
6.0 ± 3.8
|
5.7 ± 3.6
|
5.8 ± 3.9
|
|
MMSE
|
28.4±1.8
|
17.2 ± 5.9***
|
25.9 ± 4.0***,γγγ
|
26.5 ± 4.9***,γγγ
|
25.1 ± 3.3***,γγγ,§
|
|
MoCA
| |
10.5 ± 5.1
|
17.7 ± 5.6γγγ
|
19.9 ± 4.9γγγ
|
15.5 ± 5.3γγ,§§§
|
|
ADAS-Cog
| |
26.0 ± 12.3
|
11.8 ± 6.1γγγ
|
9.0 ± 4.3γγγ
|
14.7 ± 6.3γγγ,§§§
|
|
APOE-ε4 (%)
| |
46%
|
42%
|
28%
|
60%§§§
|
|
Aβ42 (pg/ml)
|
928 ± 435
|
455 ± 225***
|
689 ± 322***,γγγ
|
785 ± 309*,γγγ
|
476 ± 180***,§§§
|
|
Aβ40 (pg/ml)
|
10,055 ± 4314
|
9229 ± 3668
|
11,097 ± 4635γγγ
|
10,916 ± 4379γγ
|
10,157 ± 3381
|
|
Aβ42/40 ratio
|
0.100 ± 0.034
|
0.055 ± 0.029***
|
0.070 ± 0.039***,γγγ
|
0.083 ± 0.046*,γγγ
|
0.050 ± 0.020***,§§§
|
|
t-Tau (pg/ml)
|
196 ± 95
|
543 ± 363***
|
374 ± 269***,γγγ
|
253 ± 151γγγ
|
511 ± 307***,§§§
|
|
p-Tau (pg/ml)
|
33 ± 15
|
64 ± 37***
|
50 ± 28**,γγγ
|
38 ± 19γγγ
|
62 ± 30***,§§§
|
|
t-Tau/Aβ42
|
0.22 ± 0.11
|
1.53 ± 1.36***
|
0.74 ± 0.73***,γγγ
|
0.41 ± 0.39γγγ
|
1.18 ± 0.85***,§§§
|
|
Aβ42/p-Tau
|
32.0 ± 15.3
|
9.3 ± 8.2***
|
18.6 ± 14.2***,γγγ
|
25.7 ± 16.3γγγ
|
9.7 ± 6.6***,§§§
|
- Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation, except for APOE expressed as percentage of ε4 carriers
- MMSE and MoCA, higher scores correspond to better performance; ADAS-Cog, lower scores correspond to better performance. For MMSE and CSF biomarkers, data were adjusted for age
- AD Alzheimer’s disease, MCI mild cognitive impairment, MCI-St stable mild cognitive impairment, MCI-AD mild cognitive impairment patients who progress to Alzheimer’s disease, M male, F female, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, ADAS-Cog Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale—Cognitive, APOE Apolipoprotein E, Aβ42 42-aminoacid isoform of amyloid beta, Aβ40 40-aminoacid isoform of amyloid beta, t-Tau total Tau protein, p-Tau hyperphosphorylated Tau protein
- *p < 0.05 vs controls
- **p < 0.01 vs controls
- ***p < 0.001 vs controls
- γp < 0.05 vs AD-dementia
- γγp < 0.01 vs AD-dementia
- γγγp < 0.001 vs AD-dementia
- §p < 0.05 vs MCI-St
- §§p < 0.01 vs MCI-St
- §§§p < 0.001 vs MCI-St
