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Table 1 Comparison of mean engagement, mood, and sleep levels during group activities vs during control observations

From: The impact of group activities and their content on persons with dementia attending them

Variable

Rater

Group activity

Control

 

t

df

p (two-tailed)

Effect size

 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

'Engagement'

TR

3.55

1.41

2.72

1.96

4.84

92

0.000

0.71

Observer

3.73

1.35

3.31

1.7

3.43

96

0.001

0.49

Positive mood

TR

2.48

1.07

1.76

1.28

6.04

91

0.000

0.89

Observer

1.52

1.07

1.24

1.29

3.12

96

0.002

0.45

Asleep

TR

1.14

1.62

1.87

2.15

−3.87

89

0.000

−0.58

Observer

1.19

1.63

1.48

2.09

−1.94

94

0.056

−0.28

  1. SD standard deviation, df degrees of freedom, TR therapeutic recreation