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Fig. 2 | Alzheimer's Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Thiamine diphosphate reduction strongly correlates with brain glucose hypometabolism in Alzheimer’s disease, whereas amyloid deposition does not

Fig. 2

Thiamine diphosphate (TDP) reduction significantly impairs brain glucose metabolism. a Brain TDP, thiamine monophosphate (TMP), and thiamine levels in mice with thiamine deficiency on the 26th day (TD26) and the 18th day (TD18) and in control mice (TDP 4.13 ± 0.11, 9.10 ± 0.53 vs. 13.70 ± 0.67 nmol/g; TMP 0.39 ± 0.03, 2.54 ± 0.30 vs. 2.84 ± 0.52 nmol/g; thiamine 0.46 ± 0.05, 0.13 ± 0.01 vs. 1.32 ± 0.01 nmol/g; two-way analysis of variance [ANOVA] with Tukey’s multiple comparisons posttest; n = 6, 7, and 11, respectively). b Blood TDP, TMP, and thiamine in TD26, TD18, and control mice (TDP 111.64 ± 2.39, 93.72 ± 8.83 vs. 1019.08 ± 78.80 nmol/L; TMP 7.83 ± 1.10, 12.93 ± 1.08 vs. 140.99 ± 9.31 nmol/L; thiamine 38.94 ± 4.68, 2.34 ± 0.22 vs. 179.54 ± 17.14 nmol/L; two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons posttest; n = 6, 7, and 11, respectively). c, d Representative micro-positron emission tomography with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG-PET) images of (c) TD26 and (d) control mice. eh FDG uptake of representative brain regions represented by standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) normalized to control mice in TD26 mice and TD18 mice was significantly reduced as compared with that in control mice (cortex [CTX] 0.56 ± 0.08, 0.80 ± 0.06 vs. 1.00 ± 0.07, F = 8.78, P < 0.01; right hippocampus [RHIP] 0.71 ± 0.06, 0.80 ± 0.06 vs. 1.00 ± 0.07, F = 5.28, P < 0.05; thalamus [THA] 0.78 ± 0.06, 0.77 ± 0.06 vs. 1.00 ± 0.06, F = 5.08, P < 0.05; right striatum [RSTR] 0.70 ± 0.07, 0.79 ± 0.06 vs. 1.00 ± 0.07, F = 5.57, P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons posttest; n = 6, 7, and 11, respectively). il Correlations between brain TDP levels and SUVRs in representative brain regions of mice (n = 24). mp Correlations between blood TDP levels and SUVRs in representative brain regions of mice (n = 24). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001

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